The Spanish Armada

Question 1

How long did it take Philip to organise the Armada?

Answer 1

2 years

Question 2

Why was Philip convinced the Armada was the right thing to do?

Answer 2

He was doing God’s work

He was engaged in a Catholic crusade

Question 3

Why was sailing of Armada delayed?

Answer 3

Success of English attack on Spanish ships at the harbour of Cadiz in April 1587

Question 4

When did Armada finally set sail?

Answer 4

July 1588

Question 5

Objective of Armada?

Answer 5

Reach port of Gravelines in the Spanish Netherlands where it was intended that a Spanish army led by Parma would board the ships to lead an invasion to England

Question 6

Where and when was the Armada spotted?

Answer 6

29th July, Cornish coast

Question 7

Battle of English Channel? Dates?

Answer 7

30th July to 6th August

Question 8

End of Armada?

Answer 8

Armada was forced because of unfavourable winds to return to Spain by hazardous route of sailing north towards Scotland and then back south to Ireland - cost them ships because they were lost in storms

Question 9

How did English take advantage of weather?

Answer 9

Sent fireships to destroy some of the Armada while at anchor and the English also benefitted from superior gunnery and manoeuvrability

Question 10

For how many years did the war between Spain and England continue?

Answer 10

16

Question 11

Where was the war fought?

Answer 11

At sea of Western Europe
Caribbean
Land in France, Netherlands and Ireland-

Question 12

Main cause for Elizabeth staying in war?

Answer 12

Survival on a national and universal level against Catholic conspiracy

Question 13

Why would a naval war be favoured by E?

Answer 13

War in the Netherlands tended to be expensive and difficult while England had enjoyed success in small scale naval attacks in Caribbean

Question 14

England’s 3 attacks on mainland Spain from 1495?

Answer 14

Capture and occupation of Cadiz

Hawkins and Drake attacked Panama- weakest part of Spanish empire

Question 15

Failures of English attacks?

Answer 15

Occupation of Cadiz had no strategic follow ups

Drake and Hawkins failed and died at sea

Question 16

Success of English attacks?

Answer 16

Capture of Cadiz was humiliating for Spain- prevented Spanish ships from sailing to West Indies

Question 17

Philip’s attack 1596?

Answer 17

Caused by capture of Cadiz

Failed as it was autumn - destroyed by storms

Question 18

Actions and attitudes of English 1599?

Answer 18

Further fear of invasion prompted by false intelligence= huge panic in England, naval activity directed at need to prevent Spanish landings in Ireland

Question 19

Sir Francis Vere?

Answer 19

Leader of English forces after Leicester resigns in 1588, led positive relations with Dutch leader - allowed for the recovery of territory lost after Parma invasion

Question 20

Troops in Netherlands- advantage and disadvantage?

Answer 20

They were expensive

Netherlands paid a share of the running cost

Question 21

Success for Dutch by end of war?

Answer 21

1594 Spanish troops had been expelled
Northern Netherlands became an independent state
Southern Netherlands achieved a degree of autonomy
No major foreign power was entrenched in Netherlands

Question 22

Summary of Elizabeth foreign policy?

Answer 22

Focus changed from dynastic considerations to military glory to putting national interests first
Elizabeth’s reputation was enhanced by her victory during the Armada

Question 23

Success of Drake in Panama?

Answer 23

Netted £400,000 of Spanish silver

Question 24

Treaty of Berwick 1586?

Answer 24

Defensive treaty with Scotland, Scotland would receive 4000 per year- would protect the Scottish Lords

Question 25

How much did the Armada cost?

Answer 25

£161,000
War cost over 4 million
War in Netherlands cost 2 million

Question 26

How many men did the Spanish have?

Answer 26

17,000

Question 27

When did the war end?

Answer 27

1604- both Philip and Elizabeth had died