the specific immune response

Question 1

what is the humoral immune response ?

Answer 1

• the response to antigens
• B lymphocytes
• production and secretion of antigen specific antibodies.

Question 2

what is the cell mediated immune response ?

Answer 2

• response to antigens presented on the surface of cells
• T lymphocytes have direct contact
• destruction of pathogens, infected cells or cancer cells.

Question 3

what is an antigen ?

Answer 3

• a protein that is recognized as non-self and stimulates an immune response.

Question 4

what is antigen presentation ?

Answer 4

• non-self antigens are presented to cells of the immune system to stimulate an immune response.

Question 5

what is the specific immune response ?

Answer 5

• triggered by non-self antigens
• specific to the pathogen

Question 6

which cells are involved in the Humoral immune response ?

Answer 6

• B lymphocytes
• have specialized receptors in their cell membranes.

Question 7

what is the origin of B lymphocytes ?

Answer 7

• bone marrow stem cells

Question 8

where do B lymphocytes mature ?

Answer 8

• spleen
• lymph nodes

Question 9

what is Clonal selection in the Humoral immune response ?

Answer 9

• each B lymphocyte has specialized receptors
• these can detect a specific antigen
• macrophages engulf the pathogen and become antigen presenting
• they move to the lymph nodes and present antigens to the B lymphocytes
• the receptors will have a complimentary shape specific to the antigen and that B lymphocyte is chosen.

Question 10

what is Clonal expansion in the Humoral immune response ?

Answer 10

• the specific B lymphocyte divides by repeated mitosis
• this produces many B lymphocytes, each with the specific receptor embedded into their cell membrane.

Question 11

what type of cells are produced by differentiation in the Humoral immune response ?

Answer 11

• B plasma cells = secrete antibodies with a specific shape, complimentary to the shape of the antigen.
• B memory cells = remain dormant in the circulation until the same antigen is encountered again.

Question 12

what type of cells are involved in the Cell Mediated immune response ?

Answer 12

• T lymphocytes
• they have specialized receptors on the surface of their cell membranes.

Question 13

where are T lymphocytes made ?

Answer 13

• bone marrow

Question 14

where do T lymphocytes mature ?

Answer 14

• Thymus (by the heart)

Question 15

what is Clonal selection in the Cell Mediated immune response ?

Answer 15

• specific T lymphocyte with the complimentary receptors to the antigen is selected

Question 16

what is Clonal expansion in the Cell Mediated immune response ?

Answer 16

• repeated Mitotic divisions
• T lymphocytes produced with the complimentary receptors

Question 17

what type of cells are produced by differentiation in the Cell Mediated immune response ?

Answer 17

• T killer cells = target specific cells and send send them down the death path (lysis)
• T memory cells = stay dormant in the circulation until the same antigen is encountered again
• T helper cells = release cytokines, stimulated B lymphocytes to initiate an antibody response, phagocytosis by macrophages, clonal expansion of B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes.