The Spine Flashcards
(83 cards)
1
Q
How many True/Movable vertebrae?
A
24
2
Q
How many False/Immovable vertebrae?
A
9
3
Q
True/Movable vertebrae
A
Cervical-Lumbar
4
Q
False/Immovable vertebrae
A
Sacrum-Coccyx
5
Q
Movements of the True vertebrae
A
Flexion, Extension, Lateral Flexion, and Rotation
6
Q
Holds the head
A
Atlas
7
Q
How many Cervical vertebrae?
A
7
8
Q
Allows for Flexion and Extension
A
Atlas
9
Q
Allows for rotational movements
A
Axis
10
Q
Contains a Dens
A
Axis
11
Q
Flattened, oblique facing. Horizontal spinous process
A
Axis
12
Q
How many Thoracic vertebrae?
A
12
13
Q
Articulate with the ribs
A
Thoracic vertebrae
14
Q
Prominent (long) spinous process and long transverse processes.
A
Thoracic vertebrae
15
Q
Large thick spinous processes
A
Lumbar vertebrae
16
Q
Provides major support of the lower back
A
Lumbar vertebrae
17
Q
How many Lumbar vertebrae?
A
5
18
Q
Part of the pelvis.
A
Sacrum
19
Q
Holes in the sacrum allow for __________ to pass through
A
Cauda equina
20
Q
How many Sacral vertebrae?
A
5 (fused)
21
Q
The bundle of nerves that innervates the lower extremities
A
Cauda Equina
22
Q
Known as the “tailbone”
A
Coccyx
23
Q
Attachments for gluteus maximus
A
Coccyx
24
Q
How many Coccyx vertebrae?
A
3-5
25
Semifluid filled section
Nucleus Pulposus
26
Outside ring
Annulus Fibrosus
27
Between cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae
Fibrocartilages
28
Allows for lateral bending
Illiocostalis
29
Location of the Illiocostalis
Lumborum, Thoracis, Cervicis
30
Location of the Longissimus
Thoracis, Cervicis, Capitis
31
Rotates the head
Longissimus
32
Location of the Spinalis
Thoracis, Cervicis
33
Spine rotation
Multifidus
34
Role of the: Illiocostalis, Longissimus, Spinals, and Multifidus
Extends the vertebral column
35
Extend and rotate head
Splenius
36
Location of the Splenius
Capitis, Cervicis
37
Articulations allow for______________
Forward gliding, Lateral gliding, Compression, and Distraction
38
How many total pairs of spinal nerves?
31
39
Cutaneous sensory distribution
Dermatomes
40
Muscle motor distribution
Myotomes
41
Network of nerves or vessels
Plexuses
42
How do plexuses run?
Root, Trunk, Divisions, Chords, Branch
43
Head, neck, and shoulders
Cervical
44
Chest, shoulders, arms, and hands
Brachial
45
Back, abdomen, groin, thighs, knees, and calves
Lumbar
46
Pelvis, buttocks, genitals, thighs, calves, and feet
Sacral
47
Small region over the coccyx
Coccygeal
48
Roundback. Associated with a forward head
Kyphosis
49
Overcompensation to keep eyes level
Forward Head
50
Decreased lumbar curvature
Flatback Posture
51
Anterior shifting of the pelvis into hip extension.
Swayback Posture
52
Decreased lordosis and increased kyphosis
Swayback Posture
53
Increased curvature of the lumbar spine
Lordosis
54
Can be the result of obesity, osteoporosis, or spondyloisthesis
Lordosis
55
Lateral curvature of the spine
Scoliosis
56
Functional Scoliosis
Goes away without gravity. Muscular imbalances, leg-length discrepancies, nutritional deficiency
57
Structural Scoliosis
Always present. Bony defect of the spine
58
MOI for Cervical Fracture
Axial loading (a blow to the top of the head while in flexion)
59
S/S for Cervical Fracture
Neck point tenderness, resisted ROM, muscle spasm, cervical pain and pain in the chest and upper extremities, numbness in trunk/limbs, weakness/paralysis, loss of bladder/bowel control
60
Treatment for Cervical Fracture
Unconscious athlete always treated as if they have a cervical fx. Use neck collar, restricted ROM
61
MOI for Cervical Dislocation
Violent flexion and rotation of the head (common in divers)
62
S/S for Cervical Dislocation
Head typically tilts toward dislocated side. Similar to cervical fx.
63
Treatment for Cervical Dislocation
Realign (conservative/surgical) treat the same as cervical fracture
64
MOI for Cervical Sprain (Whiplash)
Sudden snap of the head
65
S/S for Cervical Sprain
Localized pain, point tenderness, restricted motion
66
Treatment for Cervical Sprain
Rule out fracture, dislocation, or disk injury, neurological evaluation, immobilization, RICE, NSAIDs, traction
67
MOI for Acute Torticollis (Wryneck)
Impinged or trapped synovial membrane in the cervical vertebra; holding the head in an unusual position or getting a chill from a cold draft of air.
68
S/S for Acute Torticollis
Point tenderness, muscle spasm, restricted motion
69
Treatment for Acute Torticollis
Joint mobilizations, traction, immobilization
70
MOI for Brachial Plexus Neuropraxia (Burner)
Stretching or compressing the brachial plexus
71
S/S for Brachial Plexus Neuropraxia
Radiating pain and numbness, tingling, burning sensation, loss of function in arm and hand
72
Treatment for Brachial Plexus Neuropraxia
Rest until symptoms have resolved, strengthening and stretching programs.
73
MOI for Herniated Disc
Flexion and twisting while lifting or moving an object
74
S/S for Herniated Disc
Sharp central pain that radiates unilaterally with dermatome down the back of the leg or across the back, lower limb weakness, worse in the morning, limited motion, point tenderness, pain with coughing, sneezing.
75
Treatment for Herniated Disc
RICE, E-Stim, Postural correction exercises, abdominal strengthening
76
Degeneration of the vertebrae, pars defect
Spondyloysis
77
MOI for Spondylosis
Hyperextension of the spine; typically unilaterally
78
S/S for Spondylosis
Mild to moderate aching pain, low back stiffness, increased pain after activity, tiredness and fatigue in low back, limited forward flexion, possible point tenderness, possible hyper mobility of injured vertebra
79
Treatment for Spondyloysis
Bracing, trunk stabilization, dynamic core exercises, avoid vigorous activity
80
Inflammatory condition of the sciatic nerve
Sciatica
81
MOI for Sciatica
Torsion or direct blow
82
S/S for Sciatica
Sudden or gradual onset, sharp shooting pain down posteriomedial thigh, tingling/numbness along nerve pathj
83
Treatment for Sciatica
Rest, Rule out disc protrusion, lumbar traction, NSAIDs, surgery if needed.
