The Standard Model Flashcards
Why invent strong nuclear?
To overcome the electrostatic repulsion of protons in nucleus
Two particles discovered following nuclear fission
- Neutron
- Neutrino
Define nucleon
A particle contained within the nucleus of an atom
Fundamental particle
A particle that is not made up of other particles
Fundamental particles in the Standard Model
- Quarks
- Leptons
Quarks
- Up
- Down
- Charm
- Strange
- Top
- Bottom
Leptons
- Electron
- Muon
- Tau
- Electron Neutrino
- Muon Neutrino
- Tau Neutrino
Bosons
Responsible for the 4 forces which interact in matter
Photon
Electroweak force
- Interaction particle
- Binds charged particles, atoms and molecules together
- Acts over long distances Includes electrostatic and magnetic forces
Gluon
Strung nuclear force
- Interaction particle
- Binds quarks together in hadrons
- Binds neutrons and protons together to form nuclei
- 10^-15m
W (+/-) boson
Quark and lepton interactions
- Interaction particle
- Interacts with other particles to change them into other particles
- Carries either a positive or negative charge and is either emitted or absorbed in quark of lepton changing interactions
- 10^-17m
Z boson
Interactions involving neutrinos
- Interaction particle
- Interacts with nuclear particles to change them into other particles
- Carries no charge and is either emitted or absorbed in weak interactions involving neutrinos
- 10^-17m
Graviton
Gravitational force
- Draws masses together
- Acts over very long distances
- Not discovered yet
Higgs Boson
An elementary particle that is produced through the quantum excitation of the Higgs field
Giving particles mass
- The Higgs field is thought to be responsible for producing mass of particles
Straight line
Leptons and quarks
