The Standard Model Flashcards
What are fermions?
Matter particles
What are the 2 groups of fermions?
Quarks and leptons
What is included in a lepton?
An electron, a tau particle, muons and neutrinos
What are the 6 types of quark?
Up, down, charm, strange, top, bottom
Which are the quarks that exist for a significant amount of time in the current low energy state of the universe?
Up and down quarks
What charge does a up (charm&top) have?
+2/3
What charge does a down (strange&bottom) have?
-1/3
What charge does an electron (muon/tau) have?
-1
What charge does an electron neutrino (Muon neutrino&Tau neutrino) have?
0
What is an antimatter particle?
The equivalent of a fundamental particle but with an opposing charge
What is the antiparticle of an electron?
A positron
What happens when a particle and its antiparticle combine?
They annihilate each other, releasing energy
what are the particles formed when quarks combine?
Hadrons
What is it called when 2 quarks combine?
Mesons
What’s it called when 3 quarks combine?
A baryon
What is the condition on combining quarks?
They can only exist when there is a whole number for the overall charge
What is a proton (in terms of quarks)?
2 up quarks and 1 down quark
(total charge: +1)
What is a neutron (in terms of quarks)?
2 down quarks and 1 up quark
(total charge: 0)
What are neutrinos antiparticles?
They are their own antiparticles
What is evidence for neutrinos?
The discovery that the total energy before and after beta decay is not equal so another particle (neutrinos) are responsible for missing energy
What are the 4 types of forces in the universe?
- the strong nuclear force
- the weak nuclear force
- the electromagnetic force
- the gravitational force
What are gauge bosons?
Force mediating particles which are exchanged when objects of mass interact producing a force from one object to anither
What is the weakest type of force in the universe?
Gravitational force
What is the gauge boson (force mediating particle) of gravitational force?
Graviton
