the story of us Flashcards
1
Q
what is the genome
A
all the genetic material of an organism
2
Q
how does RNA differ from DNA
A
- RNA is single stranded DNA is double
- RNA has a sugar called ribose DNA has a sugar called deoxyribose
- RNA has a U base DNA has a T base
3
Q
describe the structure of DNA
A
- sugar phosphate backbone
- double helix
- bases C,T,A,G
- paired bases
- double stranded
4
Q
describe the process of transcription
A
- two strands of DNA are unzipped by the enzyme helicase
- free nucleotides join to its complementary base to form mRNA
- mRNA made in the nucleus leaves via the nuclear pole
5
Q
describe the process of translation
A
- mRNA strand travels to the ribosome and begins to pass through it
- every three mRNA bases are called codons and are read by the ribosome
- the complementary tRNA will attatch its three bases called anticodons to the mRNA
- tRNA transport amino acids to the ribosome
- amino acids begin to form peptides
- tRNA leaves leaving behind its amino acid chain which forms into a polypeptide
6
Q
what is an allele
A
a version of a gene
7
Q
what is a gene
A
a section of DNA that codes for a specific protien
8
Q
what is homozygous dominant
A
BB
9
Q
what is homozygous ressesive
A
bb
10
Q
what is hetrozygous
A
Bb
11
Q
explain why some mutations have a little effect on the phenotype of an organism
A
- could be recessive allele
- some triplets code for the same amino acid so no change in the protein
12
Q
what is a mutation
A
a rare random change in the DNA
13
Q
explain how mutation in a gene can affect the phenotype of an organism
A
- rare random change in the DNA
- change in bases in DNA
- change in the sequence of amino acids
- change in the enzyme/protien
14
Q
describe the process of cloning a mammal
A
- egg cell is removed from the mammal
- nucleus is removed to form an enuclated cell
- body cell is removed from different sheep and nucleus is removed
- nucleus and enculeauted cell are fused together with an electric shock until mitosis starts occuring
- place embryo into the uterus of the surrogate mother
15
Q
describe the process of micropropagation
A
- small section of plant called explant is cut from desired plant and sterilised
- placed in agar
- agar has nutrients and growth hormones
- grow and divide into small plants
- taken out and grown in soil
