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Bushong Rad Physics > The Structure Of Matter > Flashcards

The Structure Of Matter Flashcards

1
Q

Greek Atom

A

Atomos means indivisible

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2
Q

How many elements are there

A

112

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3
Q

How many elements are naturally occurring and artificial

A

92 naturally occurring, 20 artificially produced

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4
Q

Smallest particle that has all the properties of an element

A

Atom

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5
Q

Particle smaller than atom

A

Subatomic Particles

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6
Q

Hook-and-eye affair

A

Dalton Atom

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7
Q

Showe that elements can be classified acc to integral values if atomic mass

A

John Dalton 1808

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8
Q

First periodic table of elements

A

Dmitri Mendeleev

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9
Q

Group 1 elements, all soft metals combine readily w/ oxygen and violent w/ water

A

Alkali Metals

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10
Q

Group VII elements
, Easily vaporized & combine with metals to
form water-soluble salts

A

Halogens

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11
Q

Group VIII elements
 Highly resistant to reaction with other
elements

A

Noble Gas

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12
Q

Plum pudding

A

Thomson Atom

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13
Q 
He investigated the physical properties of 
cathode rays (electrons)
A

J.J. Thomson (1890)

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14
Q

He described the atom as containing a small,
dense, positively charged center surrounded
by a negative cloud of electrons

A

Ernest Rutherford (1911)

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15
Q

He described the atom as containing a small,
dense, positively charged center surrounded
by a negative cloud of electrons

A

Ernest Rutherford (1911)

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16
Q

Miniature solar system

A

Bohr Atom (1913)

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17
Q

More accurately described the details of

atomic structure

A

Quantum-chromodynamics (QCD)

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18
Q

Atom smasher, used in mapping the structure of atomic

nucleus

A

Particle Accelerator

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19
Q

It is composed of quarks & gluons

(subatomic particles

A

Nucleons

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20
Q

fundamental particles of an atom

A

electron, proton & the neutron

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21
Q

The mass of a neutral atom of an element

A

Atomic Mass Unit

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22
Q

Number of protons plus number of neutrons

in the nucleus

A

Atomic Mass Number

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23
Q

Same number of electrons & protons

A

Neutral Atom

24
Q

Determine the chemical behavior of an atom

A

Number of Protons

25
Same number of protons, but different | number of neutrons
Isotopes
26
Max No. Of outer shell
Eight
27
Maximum Electrons Per Shell
2n2
28
The shell number
Principal Quantum Number
29
Orderly Scheme of Atomic Progression
Interrupted in fourth period
30
Atoms associated with the phenomenon orderly scheme of atomic progression
Transitional elements
31
The force that keeps an electron in orbit
Centripetal Force
32
The force that causes an electron to travel | straight and leave the atom
Centrifugal Force
33
The strength of attachment of an electron to | the nucleus
Electron Binding Energy
34
The primary constituents of x-ray tube target
Tungsten (W-74) & Molybdenum (Mo-42)
35
Radiographic & fluoroscopic contrast agents
Barium (Ba-56) & Iodine (I-53)
36
The important component of human tissue
Carbon (C-6)
37
The amount of energy (34 keV) necessary to | ionize tissue atoms
Ionization Potential
38
The alphabetic abbreviations of an element
Chemical Symbols
39
It determines the chemical properties of an | element
Number & Arrangement of Electrons
40
Atomic number
Number of Protons
41
Number protons plus number of neutrons
Atomic Mass Number
42
it is the arbitrary standard for | atomic measure
Carbon-12 Atom
43
It is determined by the relative abundance of | isotopes & their respective atomic masses
Elemental Mass
44
It occurs when the nucleus contains too few | or too many neutrons
Technetium-99m (Tc-43)
45
Radioactive atoms that have the same | number of protons
Radioisotopes
46
Two primary source of naturally occurring | radioisotopes
Uranium (U-92) & Carbon-14
47
It occurs in all radioisotopes
Beta Emission
48
It occurs only in heavy radioisotopes
Alpha Emission
49
The time required for a quantity of radioactivity to be reduced to one-half its original value
Radioactive Half-life
50
It described the rate of radioactive decay & the quantity of material present at any given time
Radioactive Decay Law
51
Five Physical Characteristics of Ionizing Radiation
Mass, Energy, Velocity, Charge & Origin
52
It has finite range in matter
Particulate Radiation
53
The same with mass electrons
Positive beta particles
54
The same with electrons, only differ in origin
Negative Beta Particles
55
No mass and no charge, travels in the soeed of light
Photons
56
Type of radiation used in MRI and UTZ
Non-ionizing radiation

Bushong Rad Physics (8 decks)

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