The sustainability paradigm (Banister)

Question 1

Traditional approach to transport planning

Answer 1

based on the principles that travel is a derived demand and people seek to minimize the generalized costs of travel

Question 2

sustainable city

Answer 2

characterized by: medium density, mixed-use developments, proximity to public transport corridors and interchanges.
short trip lengths, encouraging the use of walking and cycling while also facilitating innovative services and public transport priority to minimize car dependence

Question 3

Transport as a Derived Demand or as a Valued Activity

Answer 3

Traditionally transportation has been viewed as a derived demand (primarily a cost, and traveltimes were meant to be minimized). changing travel patterns and increase in leisure-based travel creates changed view to travel as a valued activity.
“escape theory”: leisure travel to escape everyday life.

Question 4

Time Minimization and Reasonable Travel Time

Answer 4

There is a desire to travel faster to save time in travel. but also want to slow traffic down for environmental and safety reasons.
paradox: complaints about the cost of congestion to businesses while efforts are made to both speed up and slow down traffic

Question 5

Key strategies for sustainable mobility

Answer 5

1. reducing the need to travel - substitution
2. transport policy measures - modal shift
3. land use policy measures - distance reduction
4. technological innovation - efficiency increase

creating attractive and affordable spaces and localities in cities, with an emphasis on neighborhood quality

Question 6

Key points to achieving sustainable mobility

Answer 6

1. public acceptability
2. Healthy transport (ghg but also active mobility)
3. demonstration effects: change in behavior makes people apprehensive
4. Individual marketing: individuals need more proactive guidance to understand and choose suitable transportation alternatives

Question 7

Issues to achieving sustainable mobility

Answer 7

• there is a consensus among stakeholders about the measures needed to achieve SM
• Barriers to implementation and discrepancies between expectations and outcomes exist, challenging traditional economic arguments
• efforts often focus on raising awareness, education, and using media and advertising
• despite the efforts, resistance to change and maintaining status quo often persist

Question 8

key elements in promoting public acceptability of sustainable mobility

Answer 8

1. making the best use of technology
2. regulation and pricing
3. land use development
4. targeted personal information