Travel demand management targeting reduced private car use (Gärling)

Question 1

Definition Travel Demand Management (TDM)

Answer 1

application of strategies and policies to increase the efficiency of transportation systems, that reduce travel demand, or to redistribute this demand in space or in time

Question 2

Four types of TDM + examples

Answer 2

1. Physical changes (improve public transport/infrastructure for walking cycling)
2. Legal measures (parking control, decrease speed limit)
3. Economic policies (Taxation of cars and fuel, kilometer charging)
4. Information and education measures (individualized marketing, public info campaigns)

Question 3

Coerciveness (dwangmatigheid) of TDM

Answer 3

Depends on the extent to which the measures affect current travel behavior and to which people are able to escape consequence
coercive –> physically closing out cars
non-coercive –> improving alternative modes of travel

Question 4

Conditions for TDM to be effective in reducing car use

Answer 4

1. reducing attractiveness of car use: can be done by coercive measures
2. activate car use reduction goals
3. attainment of car use reduction goals

Question 5

how to make TDM measures more acceptable

Answer 5

• should not limit ones freedom in car use and actually reduce problems
• people should be treated equally
• compensation
• noncoercive more acceptable than coercive