The Systems

Question 0

What does haemoglobin combine with oxygen to form?

Answer 0

Oxyhemoglobin which quickly releases the oxygen which diffuses into cells

Question 1

What do red blood cells transport?

Answer 1

oxygen

Carbon dioxide

Question 2

What to capillaries have that help with gas exchange?

Answer 2

A large surface area
Thin walls
Close contact with living cells in tissues/organs

Question 3

Which is the thicker ventricle?

Answer 3

The right’s walls are thicker than the left’s

Question 4

Where does the heart obtain its blood supply from?

Answer 4

The coronary artery

Question 5

What does blood leave the heart via?

Answer 5

Artery

Question 6

What does blood flow through back to the heart?

Answer 6

Veins

Question 7

What are the differences between arteries and veins?

Answer 7

Arteries: small central channel, thick walls, high pressure, no valves
Veins: large central channel, thin walls, low blood pressure, valves to prevent back flow

Question 8

What is the route blood takes through the heart?

Answer 8

It enters through the vena cava 
Right atrium 
right ventricle
left ventricle
Left atria 
Aorta

Question 9

What does the nervous system do?

Answer 9

Allows the body to respond appropriately go external changes this maintaining stable body conditions

Question 10

What are nerves?

Answer 10

Specialised cells that carry messages in the form of electrical impulses to and from the CNS

Question 11

What’s the junction from one Neuton and the next called?

Answer 11

Synapse (chemical signals occur across them

Question 12

What does the central nervous system do?

Answer 12

Sort out information received from the senses and sends messages to muscles or glands so an appropriate response can be made

Question 13

What is a reflex action?

Answer 13

A rapid, automatic, involuntary response to a stimulus

Question 14

Explain the path along the reflex arc?

Answer 14

Stimulus
Sensory nerve
Relay nerve
Motor neurone nerve 
Response

Question 15

What happens during breathing?

Answer 15

Oxygen is absorbed and carbon dioxide is released

Question 16

Why are alveoli efficient for gas exchange?

Answer 16

Large surface area
Good blood supply
Thin walls

Question 17

What type of transport occurs between the alveoli to the surrounding blood vessels?

Answer 17

Osmosis

Question 18

What does the cilia do? (Mucus)

Answer 18

The rhythmic beating of the cilia sweeps MUCUS containing trapped dirt and micro organisms up and out or the lungs

Question 19

What do the rings of cartilage do?

Answer 19

Help the trachea to stay open and to be able to bend

Question 20

What is the path of air from the trachea into the lungs? (In order)

Answer 20

Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchials
Air sacs/ alveoli

Question 21

What is the endocrine system made up of?

Answer 21

Glands that release hormones

Question 22

What does the endocrine system allow the body to do?

Answer 22

Respond appropriately to external/internal changes thus maintaining stable body conditions

Question 23

What are hormones?

Answer 23

Chemical messengers that transport in the blood stream

Question 24

What do hormones affect?

Answer 24

Only certain targeted cells/tissues

Question 25

What do target cells have?

Answer 25

Hormone receptors on their surface and these receptors are specific

Question 26

What is regulated by hormones?

Answer 26

The concentration of glucose

Question 27

What increases blood glucose?

Answer 27

Insulin

Question 28

What decreases glucose?

Answer 28

Glucagon

Question 29

Where are insulin and glucagon found?

Answer 29

Pancreas

Question 30

``` What hormone is produced for: Thyroid Ovary Islets of lagerhands (pancreas) Adrenal Ovary (corpus lutem) Pituitary ```

Answer 30

``` Thyroxin Oestrogen Insulting Adrenaline Progesterone Growth hormone Anti-divertic hormone (ADH) ```

Question 31

Which muscular activity moves food down the oesophagus?

Answer 31

Peristalsis

Question 32

What does small intestine do?

Answer 32

Absorbs products of digestion. It's large surface area is covered in villi which helps.

Question 33

What is villi?

Answer 33

It contains dense network of capillaries into which glucose & amino acids pass.

Question 34

What do lacteals do?

Answer 34

Collect product of fat digestion & passes them into lymphatic systems.

Question 35

What are some Unhealthy lifestyle choices (5) and why can they lead to? (3)

Answer 35

``` High fat diet Lack of exercise High salt diet Tobacco Alcohol ``` Can lead to heart disease, stroke, diabetes.

Question 36

What is digestion?

Answer 36

Absorption into bloodstream through small intestine wall of large, insoluble food substances made smaller.

Question 37

In a mammal-where are sites of main digestive juice production?

Answer 37

``` Salivary glands Stomach Pancreas Liver Small intestine ```

Question 38

What do enzymes do?

Answer 38

Breakdown carbs, proteins & fat.

Question 39

What is passive transport?

Answer 39

The movement of a substance which with the concentration gradient & requires no energy. Eg diffusion & osmosis

Question 40

What is active transport?

Answer 40

The movement of a substance against the concentration gradient which requires energy. Membrane proteins are needed.

Question 41

What are Cell membranes?

Answer 41

Is a fluid structure composed of (phospho) lipids & proteins. Is selectively permeable.

Question 42

What is osmosis?

Answer 42

Diffusion of water across a membrane.

Question 43

What is diffusion?

Answer 43

Movement of a substance from high to low concentration.

Question 44

What is central nervous system made of?

Answer 44

Spine & brain.

Question 45

What does the Cerebellum control?

Answer 45

Balance | Muscular co-ordination

Question 46

What does the Cerebrum control?

Answer 46

Menal process - memory, reasoning, imagination, conscious thought & intelligence.

Question 47

What does the medula control?

Answer 47

Heart rate | Breathing