The Technological World

Question 1

What is a constraint?

Answer 1

The effect an external force has on a certain material.

Question 2

What are the five types of constraints?

Answer 2

Compression, tension, torsion, shearing, deflection

Question 3

What is compression?

Answer 3

1. Description: Crushing
2. Symbol: —–> <—–
3. Example: Book stacked on a box

Question 4

What is deflection?

Answer 4

1. Description: Bending
2. Symbol: |î|
3. Example: Diving board

Question 5

What is tension?

Answer 5

1. Description: Stretching
2. Symbol: <—- —->
3. Example: Tug-of-war rope

Question 6

What is torsion?

Answer 6

1. Description: Twisting
2. Symbol: ↻
3. Example: Twisting a bottle cap

Question 7

What is shearing?

Answer 7

1. Description: Forces moving in opposite directions on the same plane
2. Symbol: → ←
3. Example: Scissors cutting paper

Question 8

What are the 4 types of linking of mechanical parts?

Answer 8

1. Direct/indirect,
2. Rigid/flexible,
3. Removable/permanent,
4. Complete/partial

Question 9

What is direct vs indirect linking?

Answer 9

Direct = no fastener needed; Indirect = needs screws, glue, etc.

Question 10

What is rigid vs flexible linking?

Answer 10

Rigid = no movement allowed; Flexible = allows movement

Question 11

A door attached with screws is what kind of linking?

Answer 11

Indirect, rigid, removable, complete

Question 12

What are guiding controls?

Answer 12

Thing that controls the motion of moving parts along a trajectory

Question 13

What are the 3 types of guiding?

Answer 13

Translational (straight), Rotational (circular), Helical (spiral)

Question 14

What kind of guiding is in a drawer?

Answer 14

Translational

Question 15

What kind of guiding is in a rotating wheel?

Answer 15

Rotational

Question 16

What do motion transmission systems do?

Answer 16

Transfer motion without changing its nature (rotation → rotation).

Question 17

Name 5 motion transmission systems.

Answer 17

1. Gear train
2. Chain and sprockets
3. Belt and pully
4. Worm and worm gear
5. Friction gears

Question 18

What happens if the driver gear is smaller than the driven?

Answer 18

Speed decreases

Question 19

What do motion transformation systems do?

Answer 19

Change the type of motion (rotation → translation, etc.)

Question 20

Examples of transformation systems?

Answer 20

1. Rack & pinion
2. Cam & follower
3. Slider and crank
4. Screw gear

Question 21

What is a speed change?

Answer 21

When the input and output parts spin at different speeds.

Question 22

Speed ratio formula?

Answer 22

Input ÷ Output (based on teeth or diameters)

Question 23

Driver gear = 20 teeth, Driven = 40. What happens?

Answer 23

Speed decreases (20/40 = 0.5)

Question 24

What is the role of a power supply?

Answer 24

Provides electrical energy

Question 25

What is a control element?

Answer 25

Switch, button, etc. — controls flow of electricity

Question 26

What’s a conductor?

Answer 26

Material that lets electricity flow (ex: copper)

Question 27

What’s an insulator?

Answer 27

Blocks electricity (ex: rubber)

Question 28

What is protection in a circuit?

Answer 28

Fuses or breakers stop overcurrent

Question 29

What happens when a fuse blows?

Answer 29

It opens the circuit to stop current

Question 30

What is energy transformation?

Answer 30

Changing one form of energy into another.

Question 31

What are the 5 mechanical constraints?

Answer 31

Tension, compression, torsion, deflection, shearing

Question 32

What are 5 key mechanical properties of materials?

Answer 32

Hardness, elasticity, ductility, malleability, stiffness

Question 33

What property allows a material to be flattened into sheets?

Answer 33

Malleability

Question 34

What property lets material return to its shape?

Answer 34

Elasticity

Question 35

What are 3 types of technical materials?

Answer 35

Metals, Plastics, Ceramics

Question 36

Thermoplastics vs Thermosetting plastics?

Answer 36

Thermoplastics: melt & reshape; Thermosetting: permanent

Question 37

What are ceramics known for?

Answer 37

Heat-resistant and insulating

Question 38

What are composites?

Answer 38

Materials made of 2+ materials combined (ex: fiberglass)

Question 39

What is degradation?

Answer 39

When materials break down over time (rusting, cracking)

Question 40

What causes metal degradation?

Answer 40

Oxidation (oxygen + water)

Question 41

How do you protect materials?

Answer 41

Paint, coat, galvanize, rust-proof alloys

Question 42

If the input pulley is 8 cm and the output is 4 cm, what happens to speed?

Answer 42

8 ÷ 4 = 2 → Speed doubles

Question 43

Gear A (20 teeth) drives Gear B (40 teeth). What happens to speed?

Answer 43

Speed decreases

Question 44

What is a motion transmission system?

Answer 44

A system that transfers the same type of motion from one part of an object to another (e.g., rotation → rotation)

Question 45

What are the 3 parts of a motion transmission system?

Answer 45

1. Driver component 2. Driven component 3. Intermediate component (not always present)

Question 46

How do gears in direct contact move?

Answer 46

In opposite directions

Question 47

What is a gear train?

Answer 47

At least 2 meshing gears used to transmit motion between nearby parts (e.g., watches)

Question 48

Is a gear train reversible?

Answer 48

Yes

Question 49

What affects gear speed?

Answer 49

Gear size — more teeth = slower motion

Question 50

Is a chain and sprocket system reversible?

Answer 50

Yes

Question 51

Is a worm and gear system reversible?

Answer 51

No — the worm can turn the gear, but not vice versa

Question 52

Is a friction gear system reversible?

Answer 52

Yes

Question 53

Do pulleys on the same side of the belt move in the same direction?

Answer 53

Yes

Question 54

Is a belt and pulley system reversible?

Answer 54

Yes

Question 55

What happens when motion goes from a large gear to a small gear?

Answer 55

Speed increases

Question 56

What happens when motion goes from a small gear to a large gear?

Answer 56

Speed decreases

Question 57

What happens when two gears are the same size?

Answer 57

No change in speed

Question 58

Speed ratio formula (gear teeth)?

Answer 58

Speed Ratio = # of teeth on driver / # of teeth on driven

Question 59

Practice Q: Driver = 20 teeth, Driven = 10 teeth → speed ratio?

Answer 59

20/10 = 2 → Driven turns twice as fast

Question 60

What is a motion transformation system?

Answer 60

A system that transforms one type of motion into another (e.g., rotational to translational)

Question 61

Do transformation systems still have driver and driven parts?

Answer 61

Yes

Question 62

What is a rack and pinion system?

Answer 62

A straight bar (rack) with teeth and a gear (pinion) — converts rotation ↔ translation (e.g., car steering)

Question 63

Is a rack and pinion system reversible?

Answer 63

Yes

Question 64

What is a screw gear system?

Answer 64

A screw and nut that transforms rotational motion into translational (e.g., car jack, wrench)

Question 65

Is a screw gear system reversible?

Answer 65

No

Question 66

What is a cam and follower system?

Answer 66

A rotating cam pushes a follower up/down — creates alternating motion (e.g., engines)

Question 67

Is a cam and follower system reversible?

Answer 67

No

Question 68

What affects how the follower moves?

Answer 68

The shape of the cam and presence of a guiding spring

Question 69

Is a slider crank system reversible?

Answer 69

Yes

Question 70

What motion system is illustrated in the picture. (say name and type of system)

Answer 70

Motion transmission, Gear Trains

Question 71

What motion system is illustrated in the picture. (say name and type of system)

Answer 71

Motion transmission, Chain and Sprocket

Question 72

What motion system is illustrated in the picture. (say name and type of system)

Answer 72

Motion transmission, Worm and Worm Gear Systems

Question 73

What motion system is illustrated in the picture. (say name and type of system)

Answer 73

Motion transmission, friction gears

Question 74

What motion system is illustrated in the picture. (say name and type of system)

Answer 74

Motion transmission, Belt and pulley

Question 75

What motion system is illustrated in the picture. (say name and type of system)

Answer 75

Motion transformation, rack and pinion

Question 76

What motion system is illustrated in the picture. (say name and type of system)

Answer 76

Motion transformation, screw gears

Question 77

What motion system is illustrated in the picture. (say name and type of system)

Answer 77

Motion transformation, cam and follower

Question 78

What motion system is illustrated in the picture. (say name and type of system)

Answer 78

Motion transformation, slider and crank