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The Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 organs of the urinary System?

A

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

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2
Q

What are the functions of the urinary System?

A

Regulation, hormone production, and waste excretion

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3
Q

What does the urinary System regulate?

A

Blood volume, blood pressure, blood glucose, blood ion composition, and blood pH

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4
Q

What is the function of blood volume in the kidney?

A

Absorbing or eliminating water in urine

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5
Q

What is the function of blood pressure in the kidneys?

A

Secreting renin in order to increase or decrease BP

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6
Q

What is the function of blood glucose in the kidneys?

A

Synthesize new glucose molecules and release it into blood

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7
Q

What is the function of blood ionic composition in the kidneys?

A

Regulate levels of NA, K, CL, HPO4

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8
Q

What is the function of blood pH in the kidneys?

A

Excrete H into urine and conserve HCO3 (buffer)

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9
Q

What hormones are produced from the kidneys?

A

Calcitriol and erythropoietin

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10
Q

What is calcitriol and what does it regulate?

A

It is an active form of vitamin D that regulates calcium homeostasis

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11
Q

What is the function of erythropoietin?

A

Stimulate production of red blood cells

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12
Q

What is the formation of urine?

A

Removal of metabolic wastes, foreign substances, drugs, and environmental toxins

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13
Q

How big is the kidney?

A

4-5 inches long, 2-3 inches wide, 1 inch thick

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14
Q

How much does a kidney weigh?

A

4.5-5 ounces

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15
Q

Where are the kidneys located?

A

Between the 12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebrae

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16
Q

What are the three tissues covering the kidney?

A

Renal capsule, adipose capsule, and Renal fascia

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17
Q

What is the renal capsule?

A

It’s the deepest layer of the kidney that is made of dense CT that helps maintain shape and keeps infections out

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18
Q

What is the adipose capsule?

A

The middle layer of fat covering the kidney that protects and holds the kidneys in place

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19
Q

What is the renal fascia?

A

The outer layer covering the kidney made of thin dense irregular CT that holds the kidneys to the abdominal wall

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20
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

A nephron

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21
Q

How many nephrons are in each kidney?

A

1 million

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22
Q

What are the two parts of a nephron?

A

The renal corpuscle and renal tubule

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23
Q

What does the renal corpuscle contain?

A

Glomerulus and Bowmans capsule

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24
Q

What is a glomerulus?

A

Capillary network

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25
What is Bowmans capsule?
Double walled epithial cells
26
What is the function of the renal corpuscle?
Blood plasma filtration
27
What does the renal tubule consist of?
Proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule
28
What is the proximal convoluted tubule?
It Is a highly coiled portion of the renal tubule located in the cortex where reabsorption and secretion take place
29
Where is the loop of Henle located?
In the cortex and renal medulla
30
What is the distal convoluted tubule?
A highly coiled portion of the renal tubule located in the cortex that empties in the collecting duct
31
What are the two types of nephrons?
Cortical nephrons and jextamedullary nephrons
32
What are cortical nephrons?
Short nephron loops in the renal cortex
33
What are juxtanedullary nephrons?
Long nephron loops in the Renal Medulla
34
What are the three parts of urine formation?
Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion
35
What is urea?
A product of amino acid metabolism in the liver
36
What is the amount of urea eliminated determined by?
Amount of protein in diet
37
What percent of urea is excreted in urine?
50%
38
What is ur Uric acid?
A product of nucleus acid bases (adenine and guanine) metabolism
39
What percent of uric acid is excreted in urine?
10%
40
What is urine composed of?
Water, urea, uric acid, electrolytes, ammonia
41
What is the pH of urine?
4.6-8
42
How do we take in water?
Drinking, eating foods with water, chemical reactions
43
How do we lose water?
Excretion by kidneys, evaporation from skin, exhalation, through feces
44
What are diuretics?
Substances that slow reabsorption of water by kidneys that cause elevated urine flow
45
Give an example of a diuretic.
Caffeine
46
What carries urine to the bladder?
Peristalsis waves in ureters
47
How much urine can the urinary bladder hold?
700-800 mL
48
What is the detrusor muscle?
Three layers of smooth muscle in the urinary bladder
49
What is trigone?
It triangular area on the floor of the bladder that has three openings that open into the urethra
50
What does the internal urethral sphincter do?
Holds in urine
51
What is the urethra?
Tube conveying urine to the outside of the body
52
What are kidney stones formed from?
Calcium and uric acid crystals
53
What are the symptoms of kidney stones?
Severe pain, nausea, chills, fever
54
What causes kidney stones?
Not enough water intake, gout, IBS
55
What is gout?
A form of arthritis that is a buildup of uric acid in blood
56
What causes gout?
Too much red meat, alcohol, and rich foods
57
What are the symptoms of gout?
Sudden attack of severe pain in area, redness, tenderness in joints
58
Where is gout most common in?
Elbow and big toe
59
What is nephritis?
Inflammation of kidneys
60
What are the symptoms of nephritis?
Reduced urination, edema, blood or cloudy urine
61
What causes nephritis?
Poisons, lupus, medications, other kidney infections
62
What is cystitis?
A bladder infection caused by E. coli bacteria
63
What are the symptoms of Crystitis?
Painful, frequent urination
64
What are the two types of kidney failures?
Acute kidney failure and chronic kidney failure
65
What is acute kidney failure?
Lack of urine produced caused by nephritis, injury, heart failure, poisoning
66
What is chronic kidney failure?
Gradual loss of kidney function caused by other diseases that cause gradual kidney damage over months or years
67
Give an example of a disease that causes chronic kidney failure.
Diabetes, high BP, lupus, reoccurring kidney infections

Anatomy (18 decks)

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