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PENNY BOOK > The Urinary Tract > Flashcards

The Urinary Tract Flashcards

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1
Q

a cystic disease of the kidney that is often

the result of chronic hemodialysis

A

acquired renal cystic disease

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2
Q

an inflammation of the kidney or kidneys

A

acute pyelonephritis

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3
Q

the accumulation of the abnormal protein amyloid in the
kidneys and other organs that can lead to organ damage, as well as renal
failure

A

amyloidosis

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4
Q

a common benign renal tumor that consists of a network

of blood vessels, muscle, and fat

A

angiomyolipoma

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5
Q

an excess of urea or other nitrogenous compounds in the blood

A

azotemia

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6
Q

an outpouching of the urinary bladder wall

A

bladder diverticulum

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7
Q

an extension of the renal cortex located between the

renal pyramids

A

columns of bertin

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8
Q

the dilation of the renal collecting system at

birth

A

congenital hydronephrosis

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9
Q

the accumulation of calcium within the cortex of

the kidney

A

cortical nephrocalcinosis

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10
Q

the ability to sonographically

distinguish between the normal cortex and medullary portions of the kidney

A

corticomedullary differentiation

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11
Q

the muscle that controls the appropriate emptying of the

urinary bladder

A

detrusor muscle

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12
Q

growing outward

A

exophytic

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13
Q

the fibrous envelope of tissue that surrounds the kidney and

adrenal gland

A

gerota fascia

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14
Q

an infection of the kidney glomeruli

A

glomerulonephritis

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15
Q

an autoimmune disorder and form of
vasculitis associated with purple spots on the skin, gastrointestinal
complications, joint pain, and possibly kidney failure; mostly occurs in
childhood

A

henoch-schonlein purpura

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16
Q

the dilation of the renal collecting system resulting from
the obstruction of the flow of urine from the kidney(s) to the bladder; also
referred to as pelvocaliectasis or pelvicaliectasis

A

hydronephrosis

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17
Q

distension of the ureter with fluid because of obstruction

A

hydroureter

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18
Q

abnormally high levels of potassium in the blood

A

hyperkalemia

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19
Q

carcinoma of the kidney; also referred to as renal cell

carcinoma

A

hypernephroma

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20
Q

decreased blood volume

A

hypovolemia

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21
Q

an enzyme found within the blood that may be

used to monitor renal function; may also be used as a tumor marker

A

lactate dehydrogenase

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22
Q

the accumulation of calcium within the

medulla of the renal parenchyma

A

medullary nephrocalcinosis

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23
Q

a congenital disorder characterized by the
accumulation of calcium within abnormally dilated collecting ducts located
within the medulla

A

medullary sponge kidney

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24
Q

an abnormally enlarged urinary bladder

A

megacystis

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25
division of the duplex collecting system, as in the upper pole moiety and the lower pole moiety
moiety
26
a small mass located on the wall of a structure
mural nodules
27
the most common solid malignant pediatric abdominal | mass; may also be referred to as Wilms tumor
nephroblastoma
28
an accumulation of calcium within the renal parenchyma
nephrocalcinosis
29
the urinary stones located within the kidney; kidney stones
nephrolithiasis
30
a kidney disorder caused by damage to the glomeruli that results in excess amounts of protein in the urine and the swelling of the ankles, face, and feet because of accumulation of excess water
nephrotic syndrome
31
a bladder that is poorly functioning secondary to any | type of neurologic disorder
neurogenic bladder
32
a nuclear medicine examination of the urinary bladder | and ureters
nuclear cystogram
33
scant or decreased urine output
oliguria
34
a benign renal tumor that is often found in men in their 60s
oncocytoma
35
a small protrusion of tissue
papillary projection
36
a benign, solid adrenal tumor associated with | uncontrollable hypertension
pheochromocytoma
37
irregular thin membranes of tissue located within the male posterior urethra that do not allow urine to exit the urethra proteinuria—protein within the urine
posterior urethral valves
38
a syndrome that is a consequence of the abdominal | wall musculature being stretched by an extremely enlarged urinary bladder
prune belly syndrome
39
a benign renal mass
renal adenoma
40
the carcinoma of the kidney; also referred to as | hypernephroma
renal cell carcinoma
41
—a sharp pain in the lower back that radiates into the groin and is typically associated with the passage of a urinary stone through the ureter
renal colic
42
the outer part of the renal parenchyma that is responsible for filtration
renal cortex
43
an area in the kidney that becomes necrotic because of a | lack of oxygen
renal infarction
44
the inner part of the renal parenchyma that is responsible | for absorption
renal medulla
45
cone-shaped structures located within the renal medulla | that contains part of the nephron
renal pyramids
46
the portion of the kidney containing the minor calices, major calices, renal pelvis, and infundibula
renal sinus
47
a blood clot located within the renal vein
renal vein thrombosis
48
enzyme produced by the kidneys that helps regulate blood pressure
renin
49
the two embryonic parenchymal tissue masses that combine to | create the kidney; singular form is renunculus
renunculi
50
a disease characterized by the buildup of fibrous tissue within the retroperitoneum; this mass may involve the abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava, ureters, and sacrum
retroperitoneal fibrosis
51
a large urinary stone that completely fills and takes the | shape of the renal pelvis
staghorn calculus
52
a treatment method for vesicoureteral reflux disease that uses a bulking agent to elevate the ureteral orifice and distal ureter, allowing for the normal flow of urine from the ureter into the bladder
subureteral teflon injection
53
muscular bundles
trabeculae
54
a malignant tumor of the urinary tract that is | often found within the urinary bladder or within the renal pelvis
transitional cell carcinoma
55
the area within the urinary bladder where | the two ureteral orifices and urethral orifice are located
trigone of the urinary bladder
56
a systemic disorder that leads to the development of | tumors within various organs
tuberous sclerosis
57
a tubular structure that is a remnant of embryonic development which extends from the umbilicus to the apex of the bladder
urachus
58
jets of urine that are the result of urine being forced into the urinary bladder from the ureters; can be demonstrated with color Doppler imaging
ureteral jets
59
a localized collection of urine
urinoma
60
a benign, smooth muscle tumor of the uterus; may also | be referred to as a fibroid or uterine myoma
uterine leiomyoma
61
the abnormal retrograde flow of urine from the | urinary bladder into the ureter and possibly into the kidney(s)
vesicoureteral reflux
62
a radiographic examination that involves the assessment of the urinary bladder and distal ureter for urinary reflux and other abnormalities
voiding cystourethrogram
63
the most common solid malignant pediatric abdominal mass; | a malignant renal mass that may also be referred to as nephroblastoma
wilm's tumor
64
a rare chronic form of | pyelonephritis that is typically the result of a chronic obstructive process
xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
65
The most common location of an ectopic kidney is
within the pelvis
66
The most common congenital anomaly of the urinary tract is the
duplex or duplicated collecting system
67
Echogenicity of the kidney and adjacent structures are as follows
renal medulla, renal cortex, liver, spleen, pancreas, diaphragm, renal sinus
68
The most common cause of ARF is
acute tubular necrosis
69
The most common cause of CRF is
diabetes mellitus
70
ADPKD is most often seen in ______. Just remember adults are ______
adults, dominant
71
MCDK is thought to be caused by an early ______. The MCDK kidney is
urinary tract obstruction, nonfunctional
72
Acquired renal cystic disease can result from
hemodialysis
73
Tuberous Sclerosis is associated with
multiple, bilateral renal angiomyolipomas
74
A renal scar will appear as an
echogenic area that extends from the renal sinus through the renal parenchyma

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