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PENNY BOOK > The Urinary Tract > Flashcards

The Urinary Tract Flashcards

1
Q

a cystic disease of the kidney that is often

the result of chronic hemodialysis

A

acquired renal cystic disease

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2
Q

an inflammation of the kidney or kidneys

A

acute pyelonephritis

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3
Q

the accumulation of the abnormal protein amyloid in the
kidneys and other organs that can lead to organ damage, as well as renal
failure

A

amyloidosis

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4
Q

a common benign renal tumor that consists of a network

of blood vessels, muscle, and fat

A

angiomyolipoma

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5
Q

an excess of urea or other nitrogenous compounds in the blood

A

azotemia

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6
Q

an outpouching of the urinary bladder wall

A

bladder diverticulum

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7
Q

an extension of the renal cortex located between the

renal pyramids

A

columns of bertin

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8
Q

the dilation of the renal collecting system at

birth

A

congenital hydronephrosis

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9
Q

the accumulation of calcium within the cortex of

the kidney

A

cortical nephrocalcinosis

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10
Q

the ability to sonographically

distinguish between the normal cortex and medullary portions of the kidney

A

corticomedullary differentiation

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11
Q

the muscle that controls the appropriate emptying of the

urinary bladder

A

detrusor muscle

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12
Q

growing outward

A

exophytic

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13
Q

the fibrous envelope of tissue that surrounds the kidney and

adrenal gland

A

gerota fascia

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14
Q

an infection of the kidney glomeruli

A

glomerulonephritis

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15
Q

an autoimmune disorder and form of
vasculitis associated with purple spots on the skin, gastrointestinal
complications, joint pain, and possibly kidney failure; mostly occurs in
childhood

A

henoch-schonlein purpura

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16
Q

the dilation of the renal collecting system resulting from
the obstruction of the flow of urine from the kidney(s) to the bladder; also
referred to as pelvocaliectasis or pelvicaliectasis

A

hydronephrosis

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17
Q

distension of the ureter with fluid because of obstruction

A

hydroureter

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18
Q

abnormally high levels of potassium in the blood

A

hyperkalemia

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19
Q

carcinoma of the kidney; also referred to as renal cell

carcinoma

A

hypernephroma

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20
Q

decreased blood volume

A

hypovolemia

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21
Q

an enzyme found within the blood that may be

used to monitor renal function; may also be used as a tumor marker

A

lactate dehydrogenase

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22
Q

the accumulation of calcium within the

medulla of the renal parenchyma

A

medullary nephrocalcinosis

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23
Q

a congenital disorder characterized by the
accumulation of calcium within abnormally dilated collecting ducts located
within the medulla

A

medullary sponge kidney

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24
Q

an abnormally enlarged urinary bladder

A

megacystis

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25
Q

division of the duplex collecting system, as in the upper pole
moiety and the lower pole moiety

A

moiety

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26
Q

a small mass located on the wall of a structure

A

mural nodules

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27
Q

the most common solid malignant pediatric abdominal

mass; may also be referred to as Wilms tumor

A

nephroblastoma

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28
Q

an accumulation of calcium within the renal parenchyma

A

nephrocalcinosis

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29
Q

the urinary stones located within the kidney; kidney stones

A

nephrolithiasis

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30
Q

a kidney disorder caused by damage to the glomeruli
that results in excess amounts of protein in the urine and the swelling of the
ankles, face, and feet because of accumulation of excess water

A

nephrotic syndrome

31
Q

a bladder that is poorly functioning secondary to any

type of neurologic disorder

A

neurogenic bladder

32
Q

a nuclear medicine examination of the urinary bladder

and ureters

A

nuclear cystogram

33
Q

scant or decreased urine output

A

oliguria

34
Q

a benign renal tumor that is often found in men in their 60s

A

oncocytoma

35
Q

a small protrusion of tissue

A

papillary projection

36
Q

a benign, solid adrenal tumor associated with

uncontrollable hypertension

A

pheochromocytoma

37
Q

irregular thin membranes of tissue located
within the male posterior urethra that do not allow urine to exit the urethra
proteinuria—protein within the urine

A

posterior urethral valves

38
Q

a syndrome that is a consequence of the abdominal

wall musculature being stretched by an extremely enlarged urinary bladder

A

prune belly syndrome

39
Q

a benign renal mass

A

renal adenoma

40
Q

the carcinoma of the kidney; also referred to as

hypernephroma

A

renal cell carcinoma

41
Q

—a sharp pain in the lower back that radiates into the groin and is
typically associated with the passage of a urinary stone through the ureter

A

renal colic

42
Q

the outer part of the renal parenchyma that is responsible for
filtration

A

renal cortex

43
Q

an area in the kidney that becomes necrotic because of a

lack of oxygen

A

renal infarction

44
Q

the inner part of the renal parenchyma that is responsible

for absorption

A

renal medulla

45
Q

cone-shaped structures located within the renal medulla

that contains part of the nephron

A

renal pyramids

46
Q

the portion of the kidney containing the minor calices, major
calices, renal pelvis, and infundibula

A

renal sinus

47
Q

a blood clot located within the renal vein

A

renal vein thrombosis

48
Q

enzyme produced by the kidneys that helps regulate blood pressure

A

renin

49
Q

the two embryonic parenchymal tissue masses that combine to

create the kidney; singular form is renunculus

A

renunculi

50
Q

a disease characterized by the buildup of fibrous
tissue within the retroperitoneum; this mass may involve the abdominal
aorta, inferior vena cava, ureters, and sacrum

A

retroperitoneal fibrosis

51
Q

a large urinary stone that completely fills and takes the

shape of the renal pelvis

A

staghorn calculus

52
Q

a treatment method for vesicoureteral reflux
disease that uses a bulking agent to elevate the ureteral orifice and distal
ureter, allowing for the normal flow of urine from the ureter into the bladder

A

subureteral teflon injection

53
Q

muscular bundles

A

trabeculae

54
Q

a malignant tumor of the urinary tract that is

often found within the urinary bladder or within the renal pelvis

A

transitional cell carcinoma

55
Q

the area within the urinary bladder where

the two ureteral orifices and urethral orifice are located

A

trigone of the urinary bladder

56
Q

a systemic disorder that leads to the development of

tumors within various organs

A

tuberous sclerosis

57
Q

a tubular structure that is a remnant of embryonic development
which extends from the umbilicus to the apex of the bladder

A

urachus

58
Q

jets of urine that are the result of urine being forced into the
urinary bladder from the ureters; can be demonstrated with color Doppler
imaging

A

ureteral jets

59
Q

a localized collection of urine

A

urinoma

60
Q

a benign, smooth muscle tumor of the uterus; may also

be referred to as a fibroid or uterine myoma

A

uterine leiomyoma

61
Q

the abnormal retrograde flow of urine from the

urinary bladder into the ureter and possibly into the kidney(s)

A

vesicoureteral reflux

62
Q

a radiographic examination that involves the
assessment of the urinary bladder and distal ureter for urinary reflux and
other abnormalities

A

voiding cystourethrogram

63
Q

the most common solid malignant pediatric abdominal mass;

a malignant renal mass that may also be referred to as nephroblastoma

A

wilm’s tumor

64
Q

a rare chronic form of

pyelonephritis that is typically the result of a chronic obstructive process

A

xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

65
Q

The most common location of an ectopic kidney is

A

within the pelvis

66
Q

The most common congenital anomaly of the urinary tract is the

A

duplex or duplicated collecting system

67
Q

Echogenicity of the kidney and adjacent structures are as follows

A

renal medulla, renal cortex, liver, spleen, pancreas, diaphragm, renal sinus

68
Q

The most common cause of ARF is

A

acute tubular necrosis

69
Q

The most common cause of CRF is

A

diabetes mellitus

70
Q

ADPKD is most often seen in ______. Just remember adults are ______

A

adults, dominant

71
Q

MCDK is thought to be caused by an early ______. The MCDK kidney is

A

urinary tract obstruction, nonfunctional

72
Q

Acquired renal cystic disease can result from

A

hemodialysis

73
Q

Tuberous Sclerosis is associated with

A

multiple, bilateral renal angiomyolipomas

74
Q

A renal scar will appear as an

A

echogenic area that extends from the renal sinus through the renal parenchyma

PENNY BOOK (11 decks)

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