WRONG EXAM OB Qs Flashcards
(223 cards)
1
Q
For the normal BPP, the amniotic pocket should measure at least
A
1cm in two perpendicular planes
2
Q
What will be visualized at the level of the HC
A
3rd ventricle, thalamus and CSP
3
Q
With miscarriage, the serum hCG value will be
A
decreased
4
Q
With anencephaly, the MSAFP value will be
A
elevated
5
Q
With gastroschisis, the MSAFP valu will be
A
elevated
6
Q
The quad screen includes an analysis of
A
hCG, AFP and Inhibin A
7
Q
In the TPAL designation, the L refers to
A
live births
8
Q
The clinical manifestations of supine hypotensive syndrome include
A
tachycardia, nausea, pallor
9
Q
Painless 2nd trimester bleeding is most often associated with
A
placenta previa
10
Q
What is visualized during BPP
A
fetal tone, thoracic movement and fetal breathing
11
Q
What would be decreased in the presence of edwards syndrome
A
estriol, hCG and AFP
12
Q
Something that is idiopathic is said to be
A
from an unknown cause
13
Q
What is the fetal presentation when the fetal buttocks are closest to the cervix
A
frank breech
14
Q
The triple screen typically includes an analysis of
A
hCG, AFP and estriol
15
Q
What would be least likely associated with an elevation in MSAFP
A
turners syndrome
16
Q
With a normal pregnancy, the first structure noted within the decidualized endometrium is the
A
chorionic sac
17
Q
What is often used to medically treat an ectopic pregnancy
A
methotrexate
18
Q
In the first trimester normal hCG levels will
A
double every 48 hours
19
Q
Compared with normal IUP, the ectopic pregnancy will have a
A
low hCG
20
Q
The first sonographic identifiable sign of pregnancy is the
A
decidual reaction
21
Q
NT measures are typically obtained between
A
11 and 14 weeks
22
Q
Clinical features of an ectopic pregnancy are
A
pain, vaginal bleeding and shoulder pain
23
Q
In the early gestation, where is the secondary yolk sac located
A
chorionic cavity
24
Q
What are associated with a lower than normal hCG level
A
ectopic pregnancy, blighted ovum, spontaneous abortion
25
Clinical findings consistent with a complete molar pregnancy
vaginal bleeding, hypertension, uterine enlargement
26
What is the most likely metastatic location for GTD
lungs
27
What structure does the posterior fossa cyst associated with DWM communicate
4th ventricle
28
Sonographic findings of arnold-chiari 2 malformation
enlarged massa intermedia, hydrocephaly, obliteration of the cistern magna
29
Development of fluid-filled cleft within the cerebrum is consistent with
schizenchephaly
30
The "sunburst" of the cerebral sulci is a sonographic finding of
agenesis of CC
31
Genetic disorder that includes craniosynostosis, midline facial hypoplasia and syndactyly
apert syndrome
32
The 3rd ventricle communicates with the 4th ventricle at the
aqueduct of sylvius
33
The 4th ventricle is located anterior to the
cerebellar vermis
34
A normal shaped skull is termed
mesocephaly
35
A strawberry shaped skull is commonly associated with
trisomy 18
36
The band of tissue that allows communication between the right and left cerebral hemispheres is the
corpus callosum
37
Sonographic features of alobar holoprosencephaly
cyclopia, monoventricle and fused thalamus
38
What fetal suture is located within the frontal bone along the midline of the forehead
metopic suture
39
Lack of sulci within the fetal cerebrum is a reliable indicator of
lissencephaly
40
What would not normally be located within the midline of the fetal brain
lobes of the thalamus
41
Condition in which the frontal horns are small and the occipital horns are enlarged is referred to as
colpocephaly
42
An increased nuchal fold is most likely associated with
trisomy 21
43
There is a definite link between microtia and
down syndrome
44
The optimal scan plane to visualize micrognathia is
sagittal
45
The measurement obtained between the lateral walls of the orbits is referred to as
binocular diameter
46
At what level is the nuchal fold measurement obtained
CSP
47
The condition in which there is no nose and a proboscis separating two close set orbits is
ethmocephaly
48
The nuchal fold measurement is typically obtained
between 15 and 21 weeks
49
What is the anomaly of the spine in which there is absence of all of part of a vertebral body and posterior element
hemivertebra
50
The condition associated with the absence of the sacrum and coccyx
caudal regression syndrome
51
Characteristics of spina bifida occulta
closed defect, sacral dimple and hemangioma
52
In VACTERL association the letter C stands for
cardiac
53
A disorder that results in abnormal bone growth and dwarfism is
achondroplasia
54
Achondroplasia is associated with all of the following
frontal bossing, flattened nasal bone, trident hand
55
Abnormality that results in limitation of the fetal limbs as a result of
arthrogryposis
56
The thalamic tissue located within the 3rd ventricle of the brain that can become enlarged with arnold chiari 2 malformation is the
massa intermedia
57
Rhizomelia denotes shortening of the
proximal segment of a limb
58
An absent sacrum and coccyx is referred to as
caudal regression syndrome
59
Absent long bones with the hands and feet arising from the shoulders and hips describes
phocomelia
60
Songoraphic findings of achondrogenesis
micromelia, absent mineralization of the pelvis and polyhydramnios
61
28 week pregnancy, you note that when pressure is applied to the fetal skull, the skull can be easily distorted
osteogenesis imperfecta
62
Bell-shaped chest and multiple fetal fractures are indicative of
osteogenesis imperfecta
63
The exaggerated distance between the first toe and the second toe is
sandal gap
64
Visualize a mass extending from the distal spine of a fetus. What COULD it be
SCT, meningocele, meningomyelocele
65
What conditions associated with bilateral renal agenesis, oligohydramnios and fusion of the lower extremities
sirenomelia
66
Opening located right anteromedially within the diaphragm
foramen of morgagni
67
Sonographic signs of ebstein anomaly
enlarged right atrium, fetal malpositioned tricuspid valve, fetal hydrops
68
An EIF is most often seen within the
left ventricle
69
Most common fetal cardiac tumor
rhabdomyoma
70
Sonogaphic features of pentalogy of cantrell
omphalocele, cleft sternum, diaphragmatic hernia
71
Fetal shunt that connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch
ductus arteriosis
72
The moderator band is located within the
right ventricle
73
Separate mass of non functioning fetal lung tissue is referred to as
pulmonary sequestration
74
The tricuspid valve is located between the
right ventricle and right atrium
75
most common sonographic appearance of pulmonary sequestration is a
triangular, echogenic mass within the chest
76
The embryonic heart begins as
two tubes
77
Sonogrgraphic "bat-wing" sign is indicative of
pleural effusion
78
The mitral valve is located between the
left ventricle and left atrium
79
The blood returning from the lungs through the pulmonary veins enters into the
left atrium
80
The fetal heart is fully formed by
10 weeks
81
What is associated with echogenic bowel
cystic fibrosis
82
What are associated with omphaloceles
trisomy 18, pentalogy of cantrell and IUGR
83
What are associated with esophageal atresia
down syndrome, VACTERL association and edwards syndrome
84
What location does gastroschisis occur more often
right lateral of cord insertion
85
What are associated with gastroschisis
normal cord insertion, elevated MSAFP and periumbilical mass
86
Inherited disorder in which mucus secreting organs produce thick and sticky secretions instead of normal secretions
cystic fibrosis
87
What organs produce amniotic fluid after 12 weeks
fetal kidneys
88
An omphalocele is associated with
pentalogy of cantrell, trisomy 18 and patau syndrome
89
Duodenal atresia and esophageal atresia are associated with
polyhydramnios
90
What would be least likely associated with an elevated MSAFP
anorectal atresia
91
Most common type of colonic atresia
anorectal atresia
92
Fetal meconium typically consists of
skin, hair and bile
93
Most likely associated with an excessive amount of amniotic fluid
duodenal atresia
94
During an 18 week sonogram, multiple cysts of varying sizes are noted within the renal fossa of a male fetus, other kidney appears normal
normal amniotic fluid level
95
The "keyhole" sign would be seen in all of the following
urethral atresia, prune belly syndrome and PUV
96
The "lying down" adrenal sign would be seen in
unilateral renal agenesis, bilateral renal agenesis and potter syndrome
97
What measurement should the renal pelvis not exceed prior to 20 weeks gestation
7mm
98
Cloacal exstrophy is associated with
omphalocele, spina bifida and imperforate anus
99
What would result in compensatory hypertrophy
unilateral renal agenesis
100
The "I" in OEIS complex stands for
imperforate anus
101
Another name for pelvocaliectasis is
hydronephrosis
102
What best describes hypospadias
an abnormal ventral curvature of he penis
103
Numerous non-communicating anechoic masses are noted within the left renal fossa of a fetus at 20 weeks gestation. etiology is
MCDK disease
104
Syndrome associated with an occipital cephalocele, cystic renal disease and polyhydramnios is
meckel-gruber syndrome
105
What is not a component of prune belly syndrome
abdominal muscle hypertrophy
106
OEIS complex is also referred to as
cloacal exstrophy
107
Obstruction at the level of the UPJ would lead to dilation of the
renal pelvis anc calices
108
Pyelectasis refers to dilation of the
renal pelvis
109
Prune belly syndrome is caused by
an enlarged bladder
110
All are associated with oligohydramnios
bilateral MCDK disease, bilateral renal agenesis and ARPKD
111
Most common fetal renal tumor
mesoblastic nephroma
112
An obstruction at the ureterovesicular junction would lead to the dilation of the
ureter and renal collecting system
113
What would most likely cause bilateral enlarged echogenic fetal kidneys and oligohydramnios
ARPKD
114
Theca lutein cysts would most likely be linked with a molar pregnancy and
triploidy
115
What syndrome is brachycephaly associated most often with
down syndrome
116
A molar pregnancy, omphalocele and small low-set ears are found most often with
triploidy
117
The earliest invasice fetal karyotyping technology that can be performed is
CVS
118
A strawberry-shaped skull is associated wtih
edwards syndrome
119
Cleft lip, hypotelorism, and microophthalmia are sonographic features of
trisomy 13
120
Which protein is not produced by developing placenta
AFP
121
Sex chromosome anomaly associated with hypogonadism and subnormal intelligence in males
klinefelter syndrome
122
What are the sonographic signs of a dichorionic diamniotic gestation
twin peak, lambda and delta sign
123
Twins having 2 placentas and 1 amniotic sac are referred to as
this does not occur
124
The demise of a twin during the 2nd or 3rd trimester can lead to
twin embolization syndrome
125
What is a treatment that separates abnormal placental vascular connections between twins that are suffering from TTTS
endoscopic-guided laser photocoagulation
126
TRAP syndrome may also be referred to as
acardiac twinning
127
What occurs as a result of dizygotic twinning
dichorionic diamniotic twins
128
The abnormal twin in acardiac twinning is also referred to as the
parasitic twin
129
Term for conjoined twins attached at the sacral region
pyopagus
130
Most common form of monozygotic twins is
monochorionic, diamniotic
131
The demise of a twin can lead to the development of neurologic complications in the living twin as a result of
twin embolization syndrome
132
Maternal contribution to the placenta is the
decidua basalis
133
An anechoic mass is noted within the umbilical cord during a routine sonograhy exam
allantoic cyst
134
With Rh isoimmunization the maternal antibodies cross the placenta and destroy the fetal
red blood cells
135
Mothers with pregestational diabetes, as opposed to gestational diabetes, have an increased risk of a fetus with
neural tube defects
136
What would least likely be associated with immune hydrops
leiomyoma
137
The placenta is considered too thick when it measures
>4cm
138
What would most likely be confused for a uterine leiomyoma
myometrial contraction
139
What are associated with a thick placenta
placental insufficiency
140
Placenta accrete denotes
the abnormal attachment of the placenta to the myometrium
141
Clinical features of placental abruption
vaginal bleeding, uterine tenderness, abdominal pain
142
What are associated with oligohydramnios
bilateral renal agenesis, infantile PKD, PROM
143
A velamentous insertion is associated with
vasa previa
144
Normal umbilical cord insertion point into placenta is
central
145
Normally, the S/D ratio decreases with
advancing gestation
146
Fetal TORCH is frequently associated with
intracranial calcifications
147
Evidence of polyhydramnios should warrant a careful investigation of the fetal
gastrointestinal system
148
What are associated with polyhydramios
omphalocele, gastroschisis, esophageal atresia
149
Doppler assessment of the MCA can evaluate the fetus for
hypoxia
150
What are part of BPD
flexion of limb, amniotic fluid and fetal breathing
151
Fertilization typically occurs within _____ after ovulation
24 hours
152
Trophoblastic cells produce
hCG
153
Normal appearing 7 week IUP within adnexa, an ovarian cystic structure with a thick, hyperechoic rim is also discovered
corpus luteum cyst
154
Another name for the amnionic sac is the
gestational sac
155
What structure lies within the extraembryonic coelom
yolk sac
156
Least likely spot for ectopic pregnancy
ovary
157
The first structure noted within the gestational sac is the
yolk sac
158
Most common pelvic mass associated with pregnancy is the
corpus luteum cyst
159
Most common cause of pelvic pain with pregnancy is
ectopic pregnancy
160
What will typically be absent with agenesis of corpus callosum
CSP
161
The interthalamic adhesion (massa intermedia) passes through
3rd ventricle
162
A lemon shaped skull is related to
arnold chiari 2 malformation
163
Following an intracranial hemorrhage, a cyst is noted within the cerebrum that communicates with the lateral ventricle
porencephaly
164
An increased nuchal fold is most likely associated with
trisomy 21
165
The fetal lip typically closes by
8 weeks
166
The form of inheritance in which at least one parent has to be a carrier of an abnormal gene for it to be passed to the fetus is
autosomal dominant
167
What is associated with spina bifida
splaying of laminae, lemon and banana sign
168
The group of fetal head and brain abnormalities that often coexists with spina bifida is
arnold chiari 2 malformation
169
In VACTERL, the "L" stands for
limb
170
Most common nonlethal skeletal dysplasia is
achondroplasia
171
What is associated with amniotic band syndrome
amputation of fetal parts, anencephaly, facial clefting
172
The most common form of diaphragmatic hernia is the
foramen of bochdalek
173
Hepatomegaly would least likely be associated with
gastroschisis
174
Pentalogy of cantrell includes
cardiovascular malformation, diaphragmatic malformation, omphalocele
175
Fetal stomach is visualized by
14 weeks
176
What describes a choledochal cyst
cystic dilatation of the CBD
177
All are associated with omphalocele
multiple chromosomal abnormalities, elevated MSAFP, periumbilical mass
178
Sonographic findings of esophageal atresia
absent stomach, polyhydramnios, IUGR
179
Most common fetal abnormality noted during an obstetric sonogram
hydronephrosis
180
Numerous non-communicating anechoic masses are noted within the left renal fossa of a fetus at 20 weeks gestation
MCDK disease
181
Pyelectasis refers to
dilation of the renal pelvis
182
Rounded head shape is referred to as
brachycephaly
183
What syndrome is brachycephaly associated with most often
down syndrome
184
A molar pregnancy, omphalocele and small low-set ears are found most often with
triploidy
185
Cleft lip, hypotelorism and microphthalmia are all sonographic features of
trisomy 13
186
What lab finding would not be consistent with trisomy 21
high AFP
187
The inner membrane surrounding the fetus is referred to as
amnion
188
The outer membrane of the gestation is referred to as
chorion
189
Asymmetry in fetal weight between twins is indicative of
discordant growth
190
Shunting of blood from one twin to the other is termed
TTTS
191
Acardiac twinning results from
abnormal links between the placental vessels
192
The fetal contribution of the placenta is the
chorion frondosum
193
What all are associated with a thin placenta
preeclampsia, IUGR, long-standing diabetes
194
What all are associated with a thick placenta
fetal infections, Rh isoimmunization, multiple gestations
195
Penetration of the placenta beyond the uterine wall would be referred to as
placenta percreta
196
Normally, the S/D ration
decreases with advancing gestation
197
What is not part of the BPP
fetal swallowing
198
What is the stage of conceptus that implants within the decidualized endometrium
blastocyst
199
The most common pelvic mass associated with pregnancy is the
corpus luteum cyst
200
What hormone maintains the corpus luteum during pregnancy
hCG
201
The development of fluid-filled cleft within the cerebrum is consistent with
schizencephaly
202
Close-set eyes and a nose with a single nostril is termed
cebocephaly
203
The thickness of the nuchal fold in the second trimester should not exceed
6mm
204
The condition in which there is no nose and a proboscis separating two close-set orbits is
ethmocephaly
205
What are the characteristics of spina bifida occulta
closed defect, sacral simple, hemangioma
206
What is associated with spina bifida
splaying of the laminae, lemon sign, banana sign
207
Characteristic sonographic findings of achondrogenesis
micromelia, absent mineralization of the pelvis, polyhydramnios
208
Signs of Arnold-Chiari 2 Malformation
banana sign, lemon sign, colpocephaly
209
What is not associated with amniotic band syndrome
synechiae
210
The fetal heart is fully formed by
10 weeks
211
Hepatomegaly would least likely be associated with
gastroschisis
212
The fetal stomach should be visualized by
14 weeks
213
What is associated with gastroschisis
normal cord insertion, elevated MSAFP, periumbilical mass
214
What is associated with omphalocele
multiple chromosomal abnormalities, elevated MSAFP, periumbilical mass
215
What would least likely be associated with an elevated MSAFP
anorectal atresia
216
What would result in compensatory hypertrophy
unilateral renal agenesis
217
The syndrome associated with an occipital cephalocele, cystic renal disease and polydactyly is
meckel-gruber syndrome
218
What is not associated with oligohydramnios
unilateral renal agenesis
219
Theca lutein cysts would most likely be linked with a molar pregnancy and
triploidy
220
The inner membrane surrounding the fetus is referred to as
amnion
221
The outer membrane of the gestation is referred to as the
chorion
222
What is associated with a thick placenta
fetal infections, Rh isoimmunization, multiple gestations
223
Insertion of the umbilical cord at the edge of the placenta is referred to as
marginal cord insertion
