The Vine

Question 1

The canopy consists of

Answer 1

All major structures:
Buds
Leaves
Lateral shoots
Tendrils
Inflorescence/bunches

Question 2

Shoots grow in the spring from what

Answer 2

Buds retained from previous year

Question 3

The shoot consists of

Answer 3

Buds
Leaves
Tendrils
Lateral shoots
Inflorescence/ bunches

Question 4

The main axis of the shoot does what

Answer 4

Transports water and solutes like sugars and minerals to and from the different structures
Stores carbohydrates

Question 5

Swellings on shoot where other structures attach are called

Answer 5

Nodes

Question 6

The lengths between nodes is called

Answer 6

Internodes

Question 7

What point of the season do green shoots lignify

Answer 7

Late summer

Question 8

What are lignified shoots called

Answer 8

Canes

Question 9

Where do buds form

Answer 9

Between the leaf stalk and the stem

Question 10

What do buds contain?

Answer 10

All the structures in miniature that become the green parts of the vine
Stem
Buds
Tendrils
Leaves
Inflorescence

Question 11

Compound buds

Answer 11

Form in one growing season and break open next
Produce shoots
Typically a primary bud and secondary/tertiary buds that only grow if damage occurs to primary (frost)

Question 12

Prompt buds

Answer 12

Form and grow in the same season
Form on primary shoot (grown from compound bud)
Produce lateral shoots

Question 13

Lateral shoots

Answer 13

Grow from prompt buds
Contain stem, leaves, buds, tendrils, and sometimes inflorescence
Main function is to allow plant to grow if tip of primary shoot is damaged or eaten
Can provide additional photosynthesis
Can impede airflow and shade fruit too much
May be removed in summer pruning
Can produce “second crop” - green harvested

Question 14

Tendrils

Answer 14

Support for vine

Question 15

Leaves

Answer 15

Main function is photosynthesis

Question 16

Stomata

Answer 16

Pores on underside of leaf
Diffuse water and allow CO2 to enter

Water stress can close- shutting down photosynthesis

Question 17

Inflorescence

Answer 17

Cluster of flowers on a stem which become a bunch of grapes at fruit set

Question 18

Bunches

Answer 18

A fertilized inflorescence

Question 19

Grape

Answer 19

Berry made of pulp, skin, and seeds

Question 20

Pulp

Answer 20

Majority of grapes weight and volume
Contains water, sugars, acids, and some aroma compounds and precursors
Most grapes have colorless pulp

Question 21

Teinturier varieties have

Answer 21

Colored pulp
Alicante Bouschet

Question 22

Skin

Answer 22

Contains high concentrations of aroma compounds and precursors Most grapes, tannins, and color compounds

Question 23

Seeds

Answer 23

Seeds contain oil, tannin, and embryo which can grow into new plant

Question 24

One year old wood

Answer 24

Refers to shoots from previous growing season
Supports compound buds that release shoots for upcoming season
Can be cane or spur

Question 25

Permanent wood

Answer 25

The woody parts of a vine that are more than one year old Trunk and cordons Provide support for other parts of vine Transport water and solutes Store carbohydrates and nutrients

Question 26

Roots

Answer 26

Anchor the vine Uptake of water and nutrients Store carbohydrates Produce hormones that have important functions within vine growth and grape ripening Nutrients and water absorbed at tips

Question 27

Cutting

Answer 27

A section of vine shoot that can be planted to grow as a new plant Permits use of rootstocks Can be treated at nurseries to avoid spread of disease

Question 28

Layering

Answer 28

Method of filling gaps in vineyards A cane of a established vine is bent down and partially buried with root tip pointing up Buried section takes root and cane linking is cut No protection from phylloxera

Question 29

Clone

Answer 29

Vines with favorable characteristics are propagated within a single variety PN 115 has low yields of small grapes suitable for high quality red wine production PN 521 has higher yields of bigger grapes making it better for sparkling wine production

Question 30

Mass selection

Answer 30

Propagation of cuttings from own vineyards Can be treated at nurseries and grafted Increases diversity Enhance fruit quality

Question 31

Vine breeding programs seek to

Answer 31

Develop vines with desirable attributes Disease resistance Pest resistance Climatic extremes