the war of the roses by 1499: Flashcards
(17 cards)
when did the war of the roses end?
bosworth didn’t end the wars, no specific point can be pinpointed but it faded away slowly. this is evidence of how much uncertainty had been created by the war of the roses
how had the WOTR had a signifcant impact on society due to battles?
evidence of it slowly fading shows that much uncertainty had been created.
the battles were often short but had a psychological impact.
i.e. only 5000 at st albans, individual circles were affects and rippled through communties
many soldiers did not return home i.e. anne herbert
what does Pollard say about the Impact?
most of the time, most of the people were unaffected
but localised damage brought considerable suffering i.e. margarets ludlow army, locals fearful.
seen in Hull - improved defences, dog ditches watch kept
how was there a limited impact in battles?
could be as little as 12/13 weeks
some periods with no fighting at all
1456 - 58, 1465 - 68, 72 - 84.
quantity was so limited
but psychological impact
i.e. 1459 - 61 always likely
was there damage overall?
no but it was still localised
- ludlow
- margarets army
but campaigns only brief
did the nobility suffer?
yes but it was those closest to the king, almost competely wiped out.
only a few wiped out by battle or execution
some lost power i.e. hungerfords.
showed wrong choice
was there a difference in respect for the monarchy?
little evidence in respect lost, some evidence in 1459 - 64
evidenced by edwards authority in his second reign but double usurpations may have affected position
gentry had stronger links
general dislike of rebellion
how can the wotr be seen in the context of the middle ages?
in the context, society hardly suffered at all. no more war ridden than any other english century.
no towns suffered a prolonged seige
louting was rare and highly localised
were they affected by a lack of governance?
yes slightly but it was not unique to WOTR, constant concern
who felt the greatest social impact?
aristocracy - 44 nobles killed - felt by their widows
new men and positions, lower levels not so greatly affected
manors operated as normal
tenants felt vulnerable but mostly untouched
can the economy be regarded within the context of the WOTR?
complex, cannot be regarded within the context, historians look back to the devastation of black death (1349)
how did the black death change the society for the better?
brought disastorous change, cut population by 1/3. brought improvement to conditions of many , overpopulated and couldnt meet food demands, living standards were depressed and impoverished. greater productivity per head.
agrian crisis, famine was common.
how did the plague lead to economic problems
economic problems -> vacant holdings and sharp rise in wages - first ordinance aimed to control this
panic was short lived and economy settled. adapt to greater lessened population, 15 th century far more complex
why was the economic situation in 15th century far more complex?
depression was not universal but neither was prosperity, all classes were affected but none significantly prospered.
no means unified, vast regional differencesi.e. south
how did economies vary?
couldnt all take advantage of cloth trade
growing cloth trade was more significant, affected rural economies
not fully felt until 16th century
how did trade feel the impact of the WOTR?
- low countries trade
- hanseatic merchant
- piracy issues
- english merchants not faring well = lacked capital, poor exports
- govt didnt support low countries merchants
eval - dutch merchants thrived despite little support
how had politics been affected by the WOTR?
increasingly dominated by central authority
regions were beholden to authority of central government
looked like a uniform society
