//The Work Of Rivers Flashcards

1
Q

Youthful stage of a river:

A

-Steep slope, erode downwards
-V-Shaped Valleys erode downwards. Steep sides, narrow floors
-Interlocking Spurs stick out across a Vshaped valley. High ground
-Waterfalls (erosion) river falling over a vertical slope eg. Niagara Falls
>Band of hard rock on soft rock
>River erodes soft rock, then hard = vertical drop where soft and hard rock meet
>Plunge pool= soft rock abrasion + hydraulic action = hard rock undercut and collapses

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2
Q

Mature stage of Rivers:

A

-Gentle slope, erode sideways
-Flood plains= river deposits fertile mud called alluvium
Meanders= large bends and loops (erosion and deposition)
>Outer side= water flows quickly + erodes
>Inner side = water flows slowly + deposition

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3
Q

Features of Old River Stage

A

Features of Old rivers
-Flood plains
-Big meanders
-Deltas: fan-shaped areas deposited alluvium (smaller= distributaries)
-Ox-Box Lakes- deposition= closed meanders
-Levees- narrow raised banks of alluvium (deposition)
>River floods = water spreads over flood plain = looses energy = deposit alluvium
>Heavier load deposited next to river bank + build up = levees

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4
Q

Case Study: Flooding in Clonmel

A

-Flood plain of the Suir
-More buildings=rapid draining of river
-Farm drainage=rapid water flow to river
Prevention: Flood barriers, clearing rubbish from rivers, planting trees

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5
Q

Hydroelectric Power Station

HEP dams Case Study

A

Positives: generates electrify, provides reservoirs, lakes from recreation
Negative: lakes Flood valleys, expensive, salmon stock threatened

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6
Q

Erosion in Rivers

A
  • Hydraulic Action- moving water breaking materials
  • Abrasion- river load hits against rivers
  • Attrition- load bounce off each other = smooth and worn
  • Solution- acids dissolve limestone
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7
Q

Transportation in rivers

A
  • Solution- dissolved rock eg. Limestone
  • Bouncing small and rolling large pebbles
  • Mud particles suspended
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8
Q

Deposition in rivers

A
  • Slow down/lose energy
  • Enters lake/sea
  • Reaches flat ground
  • Inner sides of meanders
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9
Q

River course features

A

River source: begins
Tributary: stream/river joins
Confluence: where two rivers join
Estuary: Tidal

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