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Religious Studies GCSE > Thematic studies > Flashcards

Thematic studies Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Christian views about the origin of the universe

A

God designed and amde it
Fudamentalist believe that the creation story describes exactly how the universe was created
Liberal do not believe that the Genesis story of the 6 day creation is literal of what happened. But it is symbolic and a message that God created the universe

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2
Q

What are Buddhist views about the origin of the universe

A

They dont believe that there is a creator of the universe
cyclical vision of the universe. No beginning or end of a process.
Buddhist may accept Big Bang
Buddhist feel its more important to find a way out of suffering than to understand the orgins of the universe

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3
Q

Whats a Buddhist story that supports the Buddhist not needing to understand how the universe came about but how to end suffering

A

in the Buddhas parable of the man which got hit by a poision arrow, it is more important we get treatemnt, not that he wonders where the arrow came from

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4
Q

Why should Christians look after the world

A

God gave them the responsibility to care for the world and protect the environment. Known as stewardship

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5
Q

whats a quote that supports dominion

A

‘Rule over…every living creature that moves on the ground’

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6
Q

whats pollution

A

to contaminate something, especially the environment.

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7
Q

What are some actions which religious people have done to tackle the problem of pollution

A

Pope Francis has called on everybody to help. He stressed the need to reduce pollution, use renewable energy sources and recycle more

The Holy Isle Project is an example of Budhist taking action
Tibetan Budhists who live on the Isle, take care of the enviorment
Planted 35000 trees, reduced sewage entering the sea and created a natural sanctuary for wildlife

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8
Q

What are Christian views toward animal testing

A

Animals were created by God and he gave us dominion to rule over them as human lives are more important than theirs.
We were created in the image of God so that we are more important but we should still treat animals with kindness

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9
Q

What are Buddhists views toward animal testing

A

Animals should be treated with kindness and compassion
Principle of kamma shows if we harm animals, which is an unskillful action, it will lead to suffering as well
Goes against the first moral precept

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10
Q

What are Budhhist views on using animals as food

A

Many Budhhist are vegans and vegetarians as this reduces harm onto animals

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11
Q

defonition of abortion

A

deliberate removal of a foetus from the womb in order to end a preganancy

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12
Q

what are the rules about abortions

A

Only legal before 24 weeks, illegal afterwards

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13
Q

what are some chirstian views on abortion

A

sanctity of life tells us that only god can take life as human life is sacred and made in the image of god
abortion is sometimes acceptable if e.g a result of rape or have a poor quality of life
life begins at the moment of contraception and that abortion is taking away life that is given by God

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14
Q

what are some buddhist views on abortion

A

abortion is seen as a form of killing which goes against first moral precept so is unskillful
may be acceptable if baby is born with severe mental disability or grow up in a house hold of bad

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15
Q

what are some general atheist views on abortions

A

mothers life is more important
she should have the right as she gives birth, carries and bring it up
life doesnt start until birth
cruel to allow severly disabled child to be born

life begins at the moment of contraception
possible for dsiabled people to live a happy life
unwanted children can be adopted into a different family
those who choose abortions can lead to depression and guilt afterwards

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16
Q

whats euthanasia

A

the painless killing of a patient which is sufferinf from an incurable and painful illness, or is who in an inrreversible coma

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17
Q

what are the different situations of euthanasia

A

voluntary, the ill person asks to have their life ended as they dont want to live
involuntary, the person is capable of expressing a choice but is not given the oppurtunity to do so
non voluntary, person is too ill to be asked, possibily in a coma, but doctor ends their life as its the though of best interests

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18
Q

what are some christian views of euthanasia

A

its a form of murder and interferes with gods plan
against the sanctity of life and only god has the right to take away their life
they may arge that suffering brings people closer to god and it helps them to understand jesus suffering
the most loving thing to do
god gave poeple free will to do whatever they want

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19
Q

what are some buddhist views of euthanasia

A

oppose the ifrst moral precept
respect the rights of the indvidual to do so
compassionate to help someone end their life, if they are suffering
a natural death may be better for somebodys rebirth
dalai lama commented that it can only be allowed in cases of exceptional circumstances

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20
Q

whats purgatory

A

the belief between the middle of heaven and hell where the soul is allowed to be purified

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21
Q

what is a quote about the prize for the afterlife about chirstians believing in god

A

whoever belives in him shall not perish but have ternal life

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22
Q

whats the design arguemnet

A

Teleological Argument. This argument points to the order, design, and complexity of the universe, suggesting an intelligent designer (God) is necessary to explain this.

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23
Q

what are different versions of the design arguemnt

A

william paley
he argued that if you were to find a watch on the floor, it must have a watchmaker as something do complexed cant be naturally produced. relates to the universe
issac newton
the huamn thumb allows such delicate movements such as shoe lace tying so it must have been designed
thomas aquinas
argued that only a intelligent being could keep everything in the universe in regular order. the fact that planets orbit around the solar system and doent collide is because of god
FR tennant
everything is just right for humans to develop so it must be designed. he refers to the stregth of gravity being just right to sustain life

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24
Q

what are some objections to the design arguement

A

natural selection happens by chance. species ‘design’ tyhemselves by the process of evolution
if god is omnibenevolent, why does he allow so much suffering in the world
David Hume, a philosopher, argued that just because we see design in something, it doesn’t mean it has a designer.
who designed the designer

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25
whats the first cause argument
states that there has to be an uncaused cause that made everything else happen thomas aquinas reinforced but put forward by aristole
26
what are fors for the first cause arguement
Cosmological Argument. Everything has a cause, and there must be an uncaused first cause. The universe's existence requires a necessary cause (God). Infinite regress of causes is impossible—there must be a first cause to avoid an unexplainable chain.
27
what are objections for the first cause arguement
if everything has a cause then who caused god Some believe an infinite regress of causes could exist. buddhist believe that the universe is cyclical with no beginning The Big Bang still requires an explanation for its origin. The first cause can't be directly observed, but is deduced philosophically.
28
what are miracles
seemingly impossible events that cant be explained by natural or scientific laws
29
what are christian attitudes towards miracles
there is no scientific cause to an event so it must be god, something ouside of nature the fact taht some poeple convert to christianity after experiencing miracles is proof for god 69 healing miracles have occured at lourdes which is a chirstian place jesus performed mircales
30
what are some athiest views towards miracles
no more than lucky co incidences may have scientific explanations which we dont know yet some miracles can be made up for money or fame
31
what are some buddhist attitudes towards miracles
While texts state that the Buddha still utilized supranormal powers at times and that they are considered signs of spiritual progress, the Buddha also described them as dangerous and something that could lead to self-glorification.
32
whats a christian example of a mircale
1902 a french women called marie bally was diagonsed with tubercular peritontis which ade her abodmen swell so she couldnt eat she went to lourdes but when she arrived she had to be immediately taken to hospital where doctors told her she was dying she went to lourdes and poured holy water on her abdomen and prayed to mary she came backw ith good health
33
whats a buddhist example of a miracle
buddha was once meditating when a heavy rainstorm occured mucalinda, king of serpents encircled the buddha and covered him with his hood until 7 days later, the storm had passed he unveiled his coat and took on an appearnce of a youthful man and bowed to the buddha
34
scientific arguements against the existence of god
religious beliefs were invented to explain questions about the universe which in the past it couldnt science can answer many questions which it couldnt beforew ithout the idea of god in the future, scientist will be able to answer more about the universe the fact that science is so close to creating life, it provides further evidence of the absence of god
35
christian and buddhist responses to scientific arguements against the existence of god
many christians believe there should be noit conflict between religion and science as the creation story was symbolic so they can accept scientific theories for the orgins of the universe they believe science reveals the laws by which god created 'the big bang... does not contradict the divine act of creation. Rather, it requires it' pope francis fundamentalist argue that to change religious truths to fit scientific laws which they believe liberlist do so when they view creation sotyr as a myth buddhist do not regard science as presenting a challenge to buddhist teachings
36
christian responses to suffering and evil
result of free will brought into the universe when adam and eve used their free will to disobey and betray god giving humans the ability to do whatever they want, gives them the power to make bad choices if there was nothing bad in the world, no one would be able to exercise compassion and learn from their mistakes or actively choosing good over evil
37
buddhist responses to eveil and suffering
people can choose their actions, they can choose to act in an evil way people act in evil ways beacuse they are in grip with hatred, greed and delusion because of kamma, they will suffer as a result of their actions suffering is an inevitable part of life but can be overcome by enlightenemnt
38
whats special revelation
when god makes himself known through direct personal experiences for buddhists, it is when unique specific events such as visions gives them a greater insight of reality of nature
39
what are some types of special revelations
dreams vision prohecy miracle hearings gods call
40
what are some examples of revelation in christianity
moses recieving the ten commandments from god mary finding out from angel Gabriel that she would give birth to jesus
41
whats a vision
its a type of special revelation. it usually involves seeing an image of an person or spirtual being and recieving messages from them
42
whats an example of a vision in christianity
a vision in acts where it persuaded saul, a jew, to covert to christianity saul was travelling to damascus when he experienced a blinding light and was spoken to by jesus afterwards he commited himself to the christian faith(whose followers he had persecuted before
43
whats an example of a vision in buddhism
queen maya experienced a dream where a white elephant told her which she was going to give birth to a world ruler or a buddha.
44
whats general revelation
is coming to understand god or the nature of reality through ordinary, common events that everybody can experience
45
what are vague examples of buddhist general revelations
coming to understand the nature of reality through meditation learning about the nature of reality through the reading of scriptures
46
what are vague examples of christian general revelations
seeing gods present in nature coming to understand god through reason, conscience or morality experiencing god through worship or scriptures
47
what are buddhism beliefs about the characteristics of the buddha
a symbol of human potential an immanent reality with which followers can enter into a relationship through mediatation and devotion a transcedent figure to be worshipped not regarded as a god or seen as omnipotent or omniscient a person a teacher and example to be followed
48
how do christians value revelations
provide proof of gods existence helps to start religion enable belivers to have a relationship with god help belivers to understand how god wants them to live
49
who believe that war is always wrong while others beleiev war is acceptable under certain conditions
christian quakers
50
whats peace
the absence of conflict and war which leads to happiness and harmony
51
whats justice
is bringing about what is right and fair according to the law or making up for the wrong that has been commited
52
whats forgiveness
showing compassion and mercy and pardoning someone for what they have done wrong
53
whats reconcilliation
restoring friendly relationships after confilct
54
whats terroism
the unlawful use of violence usually against innocent civillians to achieve a political goal
55
whats a protest
express disapproval often ina. public group is a fundamental democratic freedom but it is illegal to protest violently
56
whats a christian protest example
in the 1950s, the Christian pastor Dr Martin Luther King Jr organised peaceful protests against unjust racist laws in the USA These succeeded in changing US law and bringing civil rights to all its citizen of all races
57
whats a quote for greed being a cause of war
You cannot serve both God and money. or For the love of money is a root for all kinds of evil
58
whats a quote to not retaliate
If anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to them the other cheek also
59
whats a nuclear weapon
weapons that work by nuclear reactions. they devestate huge areas and kill large numbers of people
60
what are biological weapons
using living organisms to csuse disease or death
61
what are chemical weapons
using chemicals to harm people and damage the enviornment
62
whats a just war
a war that meets internationally accepted criteria for fairness
63
what are the six conditions for a just war
1.must be fought for a just cause 2.must be declared by the correct authority 3.must have a just intention 4.must be a last resort 5.must have a reasonable chance of success 6.must be proportional
64
what are the 3 rules for fighting a just war
1.Must be fought by just means 2.Only appripiate force should be used 3.internationally agreed conventions must be obeyed
65
whats a holy war
a war fought for a religious cause or God, controlled by a religious leader
66
whats pacifism
the belief of people who refuse to take part in war and any other form of violence
67
what do pacifists believe
war and violence can be rarely or can not be justified it ius best to prevent war from becoming a possibility by promoting justice and peace
68
whats a quote for pacifists
blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called the children of God
69
whats a buddhist example of a pacifist
Thich Nhat Hanh a viet buddhist monk who supports ahimsa protest combines meditative practises with ahimsa protest he uses the buddhas teaching to improve social justice
70
whats a christian example of a pacifist
Desmond Doss was a Christian pacifist who served in WWII as a medic. He refused to carry a weapon due to his belief in the commandment "Do not kill" and saved 75 lives. He is an example of someone who followed their conscience and religious beliefs even in war, showing faith in action and moral courage.
71
whats a parable that relates to doing good actions
The Parable of the Sheep and the Goats teaches that people will be judged by God based on how they treated others, especially the poor and vulnerable. Jesus says helping others is like helping him. It emphasises the importance of showing love through actions, and links to Christian beliefs about judgement, heaven and hell, and moral responsibility.
72
whats a parable that tells us to help others
The Parable of the Good Samaritan teaches Christians to love everyone as their neighbour, show compassion to those in need, and overcome prejudice by helping others regardless of differences. As the Samaritan helped the Jew which even a priest didnt help and they were in conflict with Jews at the time.
73
whats a buddhist organisation that helps victims of war
The Tzu Chi Foundation is a Buddhist charity that helps people through free healthcare, education, and disaster relief. It follows Buddhist values like compassion and loving-kindness, putting the religion’s teachings into action to reduce suffering.
74
whats a crime
an offence that breaks the law set by the government
75
what are some reasons for crime
poverty upbringing mental illness addiction greed hjate opposition to unjust law
76
whats a buddhist story which teaches us how reformation is more important than punishemnt
The murder Angulimala had killed mnay people but when he met the Buddha, the Buddha did not try to punish him for his crimes. Instead he encouraged Angulimala to live a better life. Angulimala gave up crime and became a follower of the Budhha
77
whats retribution
Retribution is punishment intended to make a criminal pay for what they have done.
78
whats a deterrence
to put people off committing a crime
79
whats reformation
to change someones behaviour for the better
80
whats a quote against retribution
overcome evil with good
81
what are 3 christian quotes for forgiveness
'father forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing' 'not seven times but seventy seven times' 'forgive us our sins as we hvae forgiven those who sin against us'
82
what are 2 buddhist beleiefs about forgiveness
Buddhists, however, see forgiveness as a way to let go of anger and reduce suffering, not as a command from a god. Buddhists focus on karma—forgiving others helps create positive karma and leads to personal peace, rather than forgiveness coming from a divine being.
83
whats the principle of utility
states an action is right if it produces the maximum happiness for the greatest amount of people affected by it
84
whats a christian quote for capital punishment
'whoever shed human blood, by humans shall their blood be shed'
85
what does David Hume say about who people experince miracles
prodigious events never happen but in ignorant and barbarous nations."
86
what's a quote which shows that God makes the impossible possible
"Nothing is impossible with God,"
87
what quote shows how the earth doesnt belong to humans
the earth is the lords and everything in it
88
whats a quote which shows the omnibenevolence of god
for god so loved the world, that he gave his only son
89
what quote shows which believing in jesus is the only way to heaven
i am the way and the truth and the life
90
what story shows how suffering is a part of existence and enables christians to demonstrate their faith
story of job. job was a sinless and devoted man who led a good life however satan thought this was only because he had a pleasant life suggesting it made it easy for job to be faithful to god. so god allowed satan to kill his children and make him sick. even though job questioned the goodness of god, he still defended god from his friends and god heard this blessed his life.
91
whats a quote which shows what we shouldnt do when faced with evil
do not repay evil with evil
92
what a buddhist view which may support capital punishment
many buddhist practising countries have capital punishment in practise such as thailand

Religious Studies GCSE (4 decks)

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