theme 2 - civil rights Flashcards
(18 cards)
what did the 1964 Civil Rights Act do?
ended de jure segregation in the South - desegregation of public facilities
forbade discrimination in employment on the grounds of race, religion, and sex
what was the Selma Campaign (1965)?
campaign against disenfranchisement
Selma’s population was half black but only had 23 registered voters
King organised a campaign knowing Sheriff Jim Clark would react violently
what was the 1965 Voting Rights Act?
disallowed literacy and constitutional interpretation tests that were used to stop black voter registration
why did MLK lead the Chicago campaign?
to help tackle problems in Chicago ghettos (de facto segregation and economic inequality)
what were 3 of King’s greatest achievements?
1964 Civil Rights Act
Voting Rights Act
March on Washington
How did Malcom X’s upbringing influence his beliefs?
his father died whilst he was young, and he believed he was killed by the Black Legion
how were the NOI teaching different from King’s?
Nation of Islam less focused on integration and more focused on segregation
what impact did the NOI have on relations between the races?
NOI negatively impacted cooperation between the races, increasing divisions
how did Malcom X’s methods differ from King’s?
rejected the advocacy of non-violence, arguing it disarmed the oppressed
favoured separatism rather than integration
what achievements did Malcolm X have?
drew attention to Northern ghetto problems
contributed to growing pride in being black
inspired a new, assertive generation of black Americans
influenced development of the Black Power movement
what was the Black Power movement?
developed in the 1960s
aimed for social and political independence for black Americans
why did the Black Power movement arise?
ghetto problems - poverty, poor housing and schools, discrimination, police brutality
why was the Meredith March significant?
drew nation attention to ‘Black Power’ and the divisions within the CRM
who were they Black Panthers and what did they do?
radical organisation founded in 1966
aimed to fix issues such as ghetto problems and police brutality
why did the Black Power movement decline?
opposition from police
the Nixon administration
their own internal divisions
what was life like for most Mexican-Americans?
lived in most states bordering Mexico
1968: 80% lived in urban ghettos
- faced unemployment, segregated schools, poor housing, and police discrimination
what were the main aims of the UFW?
increase wages
improve working conditions
improve immigration and labour rights
what impact did Cesar Chavez have on Mexican-Americans?
gave them their first positive and successful American role model
stimulated a civil rights movement that inspired Mexican Americans in the Southwest to grater ethnic pride
