Theme 2 Phylum Clasification

Question 1

How are organisms classified (by what characteristics)

Answer 1

Genetics
Morphology
Physiology
Behaviour
Heritable traits

Question 2

What is a clade

Answer 2

A monophyletic group made of a taxa with a unique common ancestor

They are share synapomorphies

Question 3

What is a synapomorphy

Answer 3

Shared derived characters

Question 4

What is a taxa

Answer 4

A level in a systematic heirachy

Question 5

What is the order of linens classification

Answer 5

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 6

What did the ancestral colonial protist in animal phylogeny split into

Answer 6

Basal phyla and bilaterians

Question 7

What organisms are included in the basal phyla

Answer 7

Ctenophores
Sponges
Placozoans
Cnidarians

Question 8

What is included in the bilaterians group

Answer 8

Acoela, protostomes, deuterostomes

Question 9

What is included in deuterostomes

Answer 9

Ambulacra (sea urchins, sea stars)
Chordates

Question 10

What is included in protosomes

Answer 10

Lophotrochozoans
Ecdysozoans

Question 11

What does bilaterians mean

Answer 11

Bilateral symmetry

Question 12

What do ctenophores, placozoans and cnidarian have in common

Answer 12

They have radial symmetry, and are diploblastic (have 2 germ layers ecto and endoderm)

Question 13

What is the blastopore in protostomes

Answer 13

The mouth

Question 14

What is the blastopore in deuterostomes

Answer 14

Anus

Question 15

What are protostomes and deuterostomes (in terms of blastics)

Answer 15

Triploblastic (three germ layers)

Endo meso and ectoderm

Question 16

Organisms that a diploblastics have what king of symmetry

Answer 16

Radial

Question 17

What is radial symmetry

Answer 17

They can be any which way and stil look the same

Question 18

What type of symmetry do triploblastic things have

Answer 18

Bilateral ( only symmetric if cut through middle)

Question 19

What is cephalization

Answer 19

One end of the organism is emphasized (head)

Question 20

What are hox genes

Answer 20

The central programming, they call specific genes (turn on) for specific traits and that contributes to creating the body plan

Question 21

What are hox mutants

Answer 21

When the hox genes turn the wrong gene on in the wrong spot, leading to abnormal body plan

Fly has a leg where antennae is

Question 22

What is the coelem

Answer 22

The body cavity, empty space between the organs

Question 23

Do acoela have coeloms

Answer 23

No the are acoelamate

Question 24

What is psudocoelomate
What organisms are like this

Answer 24

The Coelom (cavity enclosing the gut) if surrounded my mesoderm on the outer side
Or
Endoderm and Coelom touch each other

Most protostomes

Question 25

What is coelomate

Answer 25

The coelom is not tounching endoderm, Mesodermal surrounds it on both sides

Question 26

How do protostomes develop after becoming a zygote

Answer 26

They are a four cell embryo then become eight cell through spiral cleavage (top four cell are not lined up with bottom four)

Question 27

How do deuterostomes develop after becoming a zygote

Answer 27

First four cell embryo then become eight cell through radial cleavage (top and bottom are lined up)

Question 28

How are the mesoderm and coelom formed in protostomes

Answer 28

Once the blastopore is made, the mesoderm encases the coelom on both sides of the blastopore. The coelom is now called schizocoelom

Question 29

How are the mesoderm and coelom formed in deuterostomes

Answer 29

Once the blastopore is made, the mesoderm cells form two points (cat ears) on the top of the blastopore. The coelom is in the spaces of those cat ears Called enterocoelom

Question 30

What is the archenteron

Answer 30

The endoderm space in the blastopore

Question 31

How do the moth and anus form in deuterostomes and protostomes

Answer 31

In protostomes, the blastopore turns into The mouth then the anus formed later In deuterostomes The anus forms first and the mouth forms after. They end up with the shape shape, just inverted

Question 32

What are the diff between protostomes and deuterostomes

Answer 32

Protostomes: determinate cleavage (if you took a cell from one part of its embryo it wouldn’t form a new embryo) Ventral nerve cord the surround digestive tracts anteriorly Deuterostomes: Indeterminate cleavage Dorsal nerve cord, does not surround digestive tract