Theme 2: Religious Concepts Flashcards
(131 cards)
1
Q
Brhaman experienced in many different forms?
A
- e.g ‘three hundred and three and three thousand and three’ teacher says there are 33 gods…..says there are one’ the prana (breath of life), the Brahman is called that’
- it is eternal, genderless, omnipotent without form and indescribable - each god and goddess is an aspect of it
- composed of 3 qualities Sat (pure), Chit (pure consciousness) and Ananda (pure bliss)
2
Q
Brahman thought of as the main version of all deities
A
- having many names for something is not necessarily a sign of ignorance in real nature but intimate knowledge
- E.G Inuits have 48 different names due to different language but not ignorant to not know its one
- the feminine forms of Kali, Durga, Lakshmi and Saraswati represents different feminine qualities that contain both male and female energies
~ kali = destruction, Lakshmi = nourishing, Saraswati = creative and Durga as divine mother - without proper honour of feminine qualities a religion is incomplete and one cannot claim to know God
3
Q
What is the link between Brahman and Atman?
A
- the western world has prided itself on monotheism and that there is only one God - worshipping multiple is false
- B and A are referred to God and Soul meaning they are better thought of a spirits
“Brahman is the universal, microcosmic spirit and the atman the personal microcosmic spirit” - Hinduism accepts all forms of truth and one reality not limited by form or name
- through truth is one it is also universal, not an exclusive formation - multiple deities are not separate from one
4
Q
Diversity in Beliefs about God in Hinduism
A
- All reality is saturated in the divine so everything existence living or not has Brahman at is source called Pantheism
- not a person but an it, not seen or described and is without form, Nikara
- Brahman is ‘neti-neti’ meaning ‘not this or that’ neither male or female
- he is Transcendent (can’t do god justice In our language)
- “that this absolute is called Brahman and everything in life, whether living or not comes from Brahman”
5
Q
What is Saguna Brahman (with attributes) mean?
A
Attributes such as those of a supreme person and is given the title as Ishrava or Bhagavan, a person worships and adores God personally as lord Vishnu is someone who understand God with attributes
6
Q
What is Nirguna Brahman (without attributes)?
A
No attributes and no names since all descriptions are limiting and incomplete, some devotees maintain that because God is ultimately beyond all the words and thoughts humans do - leads people astray from God’s true scope
7
Q
Brahman attributes as a whole
A
- Hindus use deities represented as images who all have aspects if what Brahman is like
- he contains all opposites, both good (kind) and bad (destructive)
- there are 330 million deities but can increase as Brahman is endless - different bodies can represent different qualities of Brahman e.g Vishnu
- “everything in the universe is strung on Brahman like jewels on the thread of a necklace”
8
Q
The Atman as a spirit within every living thing and provides a life force
A
- a popular greeting is Namaste = “I greet the divinity within you”
- individual self or soul = Jiva-atman
- supreme soul or god = Paramatman
- atman is eternal and not limited to this existence
- “supreme reality, omniscient, all-powerful, free from all phenomenal characteristics” and when we die we pass on to another form
- transmigration locks the atman in this world and depending on Karma is where your soul goes although we don’t keep characteristics from previous lives, the atman is apophatic and is described as something its not
9
Q
What is the relationship between Brahman and Atman?
A
- raised through upanishads (holy book) and is described/understood in a number of ways
~ monotheistic view as a atman is the only part of Brahman that’s unidentical
~ monistic view that everyone is made of a single essence and therefore Brahman and Atman are one
~ dualistic tendencies in upanishads - tat tvam asi - ‘ that art thou’
- most Hindus regard the soul is being eternal and never changing it is in a cycle of samsara or rebirth and create its own destiny depending on, most want to avoid rebirth and achieve moksha to become united with Brahman
- “ that the indwelling admin is the same as Brahman”
10
Q
What are the Uddalaka and Svetaketu?
A
- A way to explain the relationship between Brahman and atman
- monistic view
- bees Make Honey by collecting juices of distant plants, reducing it to one form-no discrimination, my son all these creatures have become merged, no matter the animal, they are all identical with being which is suitable and subtle essence-you do not have to see to believe
- “the self is hidden and all beings and does not shine forth” stated by Kathy Upanishad
11
Q
What is the Advaida Vedanta?
A
- relationship between Brahman and atman were put forward in upanishads daylights became the subject of much discussion amongst force
- they believe they were concepts that had to experience through a form of yoga called jnana yoga
- a number of philosophical schools of thought who brought about to understand the teachings of the holy book which came to be known as the vendanta
12
Q
What is the Advaita Vedanta?
A
- magic teachings
- include hymns, spells, prayers and healing charms
- offers insight into daily life, health and early Hindu cosmology
- view that Brahman is nirguna/without qualities but possessing sat, cit and ananda
13
Q
Advaita Vedanta: Illusory Reality
A
Composed of the things like hallucinations and fantasies, things we know I’m not real because of our normal subjective experiences
14
Q
Advaita Vedanta: Mundane Reality
A
Physical world is experienced by the sense and may be examined with the mind. This includes many controversial religious ideas such as Ishrava/God and Jiva/soul
15
Q
Advaita Vedanta: ultimate/absolute reality
A
Brahman is there any truth and there is no difference between Brahman and Atman individual self
16
Q
What is Dvaita Vedanta?
A
- Madhva A Hindi floss for born in 1199 or 1238 BC, he went missing for four days and was found by his parents discussing with priest of Vishnu and said to walk on water, part of dual Vedanta
- believe that two things existed separate and distinct from one another one is at man and the other is Brahman
- he rejected the idea of the world is Maya an illustration and therefore deceptive, argued that all those things are temporary
- Bhakti Yoga = through loving devotion to Ishrava and Grace, believed in the concept of eternal damnation
17
Q
Dvaita Vedanta: Mukti
A
Yogyas who qualify for liberation
18
Q
Dvaita Vedanta: Nitya
A
Samsarians who are subject to eternal rebirth or eternal transmigation
19
Q
Dvaita Vedanta: Tamo
A
Yogayas you are condemned to eternal hell
20
Q
The Diversity in Hinduism with other Gods
A
- e.g. Vaishnaivites, Shaivites and Shaktas
- no rivalry between the groups and encouraged to worship the deity that he or she can relate to the most the ishta-deva
- they are worshipping Brahman through the deity, Shakti means power and she has many different forms
- people also have local deities that they worship called gramadeva
~ e.g. shitala has shrines all over India she is worshipped to or prevent people catching smallpox
21
Q
The Trimurti (God with characteristics)
A
- Impersonal neuter called Brahman who holds the personalities of all Gods and goddesses
- expressing the concept of Saguna Brahman
- the Trimurti consist of Brahma (creator/earth/student stage), Vishnu (preserver/water/household) and Shiva (destroyer/fire/retirement) - they express the cyclic of time (Samsara) as death isn’t the end but the chance be be reborn again
- represent three gunas of life and the ashrama/stages of life
- they also have goddess counterparts showing they need not be male or female to complete role
22
Q
Who is Brahma?
A
- creator, depicted with 4 heads
- when he was creating the universe, he created a female deity (Shatarpua) she tried avoiding his gaze but he kept growing heads and to control Brahma, Shiva cut off the top head and ordered he have no proper worship in India
- he is prayed to in all Hindu religious rites but there are only 2 temples dedicated to him - religious festival held for pilgrims to come bathe in the holy lake
- believed at the end of each universe Brahma meditates before creating the next one - symbolising belief
- all manifestations of cosmos have a sun, ocean and life
23
Q
Who is Vishnu?
A
- preserver, preservation of dharma
- linked to the avatars specifically Krishna and Rana
- core or nucleus in which everything exists
- he descends into the world to defend dharma and restore good
24
Q
Who is Shiva?
A
- viewed positively even though he is the destroyer
- last part of samsara before reincarnation - creator following destruction
- God of reproduction and sexuality - Shiva Nataraja (lord of dance)
- represented as lingam there are iconographic representations to draw closer to God
- Shiva’s night is a festival held in his honour - his image covered shadows of green leaves (based on hunter who lost his way)
25
What is Vishnavism?
* branch worshipping Vishnu and His avatars as supreme God (monotheistic or pantheistic)
* aim is to attain moksha when your soul can be in union with Vishnu’s body as part of him
* attaining moksha is the path of Bhakti which allows devotees to communicate with him
* worship in full ecstatic dancing and chanting (joy and charismatic)
26
What is Shaivism?
* shiva as supreme god - Monistic religion
* he cannot be limited in any form and that is why he is worshipped in form of linga
* Linga Puja - linga is offered as milk, honey or cow urine (motherly format)
* want to break cycle of birth and rebirth to reach moksha
* scared ash is important part of worship - he is bathed in it and worshipers wear it on their foreheads and other parts to show respect
* symbol of Aum and precedes the 5 syllable word namasivaya - repeat often
27
Who are aghoris and kapalikas?
* skull men
* perform extreme shiva practice to bring self closer to shiva
* Matt hair and dance
* “the information of Shiva traditions as we understand them begins to occur during the period from 200BC to 100AD” Gavin Flood
28
What is Shruti?
* texts are oldest and most scared - handed down orally before being written
* it means ‘that which is heard’ referring to the status of not being human words but the words of God as heard by Rishis who have direct contact with them (they hear truths of universe)
* the four Vedas (sacred) apart of it
29
Whats Smirti?
* ‘that which is remembered’ and refers to text written by Rishis based on what has been revealed in shrutis
* that’s which is remembered (important texts - the Ramayana)
* the four main texts are the Itihasas; the Bhagavad Gita; the Puranas and Dharma Shastra
* the four yogas are apart of smirti
~ path of liberation + used in epics
30
What are the Vedas?
* oldest/important scriptures
* Words of Gods and are inseparable from Brahman which gives the Veda’s their divine authority and status within Hinduism
* they mean knowledge, wisdom, or vision + law = composed around 1500-1000BCE
* composed in different periods and are still used for ritual ceremonies
31
Four Vedas: Rig Veda
* songs of the Gods
* most important and oldest of the Vedas
* 10 books and has 1028 hymns in praise of various deities like Agni, Indra and Varuna
* Gayatri Mantra and prayer called purusha sulkta - story of primal man and is important source of History
* central to early Vedic rituals and beliefs
32
Four Vedas: Sama Veda
* songs for priests
* consists of chants and melodies sung during worship
* hymns are known as samans and sung by Udgatris
* chants derived from Rig Veda
* sung during sacrifice rituals
* musical aspect of Vedic worship
33
Four Vedas: Yajur Veda
* instructions for sacrifices
* contains formulas for rituals
* guides priests on how to perform it properly
* in two forms white and black yajur veda
34
Four Vedas: Atharava Veda
* 20 books of hymns, mantras and magical incantations generally not associated with yajna
* cast spells and charms to protect against death and disease - attract lovers and prevent harm
* rites associated with marriage and funeral
* special statues because they explain Vedas and reveal sacred truths - not products of human but Gods whispers
35
What is the stroy of Ramayana?
* 1000BCE and offers model dharma
* shows Rama as a hero and lived his whole life in dharma state teaching young people to be like him
* Valmiki was the author and talks about Vishnu’s avatar = Rama
* most famous version is by Tulsi Das
36
Who is Rama?
* avatar of Vishnu And temples are dedicated to him
* represents the ideal man = perfect son, devoted brother and true husband
* carrying a bow and arrow symbolising that Rama is always ready to destroy evil
* blue skin symbolising the infinite expanse of the blue sky
* palms and soles of feet of gods and goddesses are red or pink = sign of god
37
Who is Sita?
* ideal daughter, wife, mother and queen
* avatar of lakshmi the wife of Vishnu
* fair skinned with long black hair and sometimes covered in elaborate headdress
* bejewelled bracelets and anklets of gold
* halo of light around her head
38
What does Ramayana teach?
* moral and ethical values
* shows ideal relationships
* ideal couple
* shows the four principles Dharma (righteousness), artha (marital), Kama (legitimate), moksha (liberation of soul)
* dussehra = celebrates the slaying of ravana
* Diwali = festival of the lights
39
What time period is the Mahabharata believed to be set in?
It is set in a legendary era thought to correspond to the period of Indian culture and history in the tenth century.
40
What is the Bhagavad Gita?
The Bhagavad Gita is a part of the Mahabharata that tells the story of a long quarrel between two groups of cousins in the Bharat family.
41
Who are the main opposing groups in the Bhagavad Gita?
The main opposing groups are the 100 Kauravas and the five Pandavas.
42
Why did Pandu have to give up the throne?
Pandu was cursed and forced to give up the throne to spend his time in meditation in the Himalayas.
43
What leads to the battle in the Mahabharata?
The arguments over who should rule between the Kauravas and Pandavas lead to a huge battle where the fate of the world is at stake.
44
Who are the Pandavas?
The Pandavas are the five sons of Pandu, who are obedient and dutiful.
45
What was the outcome of the game of dice between the Kauravas and Pandavas?
The Pandavas lost the game of dice and were subsequently banished for 12 years.
46
What is the content of the conversation between Krishna and Arjuna?
The conversation between Krishna and Arjuna is the content of the Bhagavad Gita, spoken on the battlefield before the war.
47
How many verses does the Bhagavad Gita contain?
The Bhagavad Gita comprises 711 Sanskrit verses.
48
What was the Pandavas' intention regarding the dispute?
The Pandavas wanted to settle the dispute peacefully, but mediation failed and war became inevitable.
49
Who is the most dramatic figure in the Bhagavad Gita?
Krishna, who is an avatar (incarnation) of Vishnu descended on earth in human form.
50
What role did Krishna play in the Mahabharata?
Krishna was a friend and advisor to the Pandavas and served as Arjuna's charioteer.
51
What was Arjuna's initial reaction before the battle?
Arjuna recognized friends and family on both sides and decided to withdraw from the battle.
52
What did Arjuna conclude about the throne?
He concluded that the throne was not worth the death of all his loved ones.
53
What is the central teaching of the Bhagavad Gita according to Dr. Ramananda Prasad?
The central teaching is the attainment of freedom or happiness from the bondage of life by doing one's duty.
54
What is varnadharma?
Varnadharma refers to doing one's duty according to one's caste.
55
What does Krishna advise Arjuna regarding his duty?
Krishna advises Arjuna not to worry about bad karma from participating in the war and emphasizes that actions done out of duty have no karmic effects.
56
What are the three paths to liberation according to Krishna?
The three paths to liberation are Jnana Yoga (path of knowledge), Karma Yoga (path of action), and Bhakti Yoga (path of devotion).
57
How did Carl G. Jung describe yoga?
Carl G. Jung described yoga as one of the greatest things the human mind has ever created.
58
What is Jnana Yoga?
* (path of knowledge) = wisdom
* path of the mind
* key to understanding the nature of reality and self through study, meditation the aquarium of knowledge
* part of Advaita Vedanta
59
Who traditionally practiced Jnana Yoga?
In the past, only those who belonged to the Brahmin varna were able to practice Jnana Yoga.
60
What are kshetra and kshetrajna?
Kshetra refers to the body, while kshetrajna refers to the soul or atman.
61
What is the goal of Jnana Yoga?
The goal is liberation from the illusory world of Maya by distinguishing the eternal from the transient.
62
What leads to moksha in Jnana Yoga?
Developing the ability to distinguish between the true and the false removes ignorance binding people to the material world.
63
What are the four pillars of knowledge in Jnana Yoga?
1. Viveka - discrimination between the real and the unreal.
2. Vairagta - detachment from worldly possessions and ego.
3. Shatsampat - six virtues: calmness, restraint, renunciation, faith, and concentration.
4. Mumukshutva - intense desire for liberation.
64
What is the process of Jnana Yoga?
It is the process of converting intellectual knowledge into practical wisdom through self-inquiry.
65
What is Karma Yoga?
* (path of action) = selfless
* hand path
* selfless action performed according to dharma with attachment to result
* taught in Bhagavad Gita by Krishna
* to purify the mind and achieve liberation
66
What does Krishna say about action in Karma Yoga?
Action done out of a sense of duty, without attachment, has no karmic effects and is a path to liberation.
67
What is Bhakti Yoga?
* (path of devotion) = love
* heart path
* emphasis on loving devotion to personal deities like shiva
* most popular yoga
* expressed through prayer, singing and rituals
68
What are the different kinds of Bhakti?
1. Sakamya-bhakti - devotion with desire for material gain.
2. Nishkamya-bhakti - seeking oneness with God for spiritual blessings.
3. Apara-bhakti - beginner's devotion, seeing God in an image.
4. Para-bhakti - the highest form, seeing God everywhere.
69
What is emphasized in Bhakti Yoga?
Bhakti yoga emphasizes inner feelings over formal rituals and requires discipline and training of the mind.
70
What practices create an atmosphere for Bhakti?
Practices include maintaining a clean space, burning incense, lighting a lamp, bathing, wearing clean clothes, and focusing on the deity.
71
What is Samkhya Philosophy?
Samkhya is the oldest and most prominent Hindu philosophy, based on the Upanishads and founded by the sage Kalipa.
72
What is the goal of yoga in relation to the atman?
The goal is to disentangle the atman from Prakriti and attain liberation.
73
How does Krishna relate to Samkhya in the Bhagavad Gita?
Krishna introduces the concept of Samkhya as knowledge and encourages Arjuna to cultivate a detached mindset.
74
What is Patanjali's understanding of liberation?
Liberation is achieving a state of pure consciousness, isolated from the empirical world.
75
What does the Shvetashvatara Upanishad say about gunas?
He who has gunas is a doer of deeds and is released from bondage when he comes to know Brahman.
76
What does the caste system in Hinduism teach?
It teaches that humans are not all born as equals and must shape their morality according to their caste.
77
What is Arjuna's duty according to his caste?
For Arjuna, as a Kshatriya, killing is justified as it is his dharma to stop evil.
78
What does the Bhagavad Gita say about duty and life?
'To die in one's duty is life; to live in another's is death.'
79
What do some Hindus argue about the teaching of the Gita?
When put into practice, it is impossible to hurt or kill others.
## Footnote
This reflects the symbolic setting of the battlefield representing the inner life or soul.
80
What does the battlefield in the Gita symbolize?
It represents the everlasting war between the forces of light and darkness/good and evil that reside in every human heart.
81
What was Gandhi's response when asked if the Gita justifies war?
He said to base your life on the Gita sincerely and systematically and see if you find killing or even hurting others compatible with its teachings.
82
What is the central theme of Dharma in the Mahabharata?
Dharma is the ethical and moral duty that characters must fulfill, even in difficult circumstances.
83
What is Yudhishthira's dilemma in the Mahabharata?
Yudhishthira is torn between dharma and truthfulness, particularly when he lies during the game of dice.
84
What is emphasized about the use of violence in conflict?
Violence should be a last resort, with peace being the priority.
85
What are the Four Goals in life?
Dhama (duty), Artha (prosperity), Kama (pleasure), and Moksha (liberation)
86
What does Dhama represent?
The pursuit of virtuousness and ethical conduct is central to actions.
87
What is the significance of Artha?
It represents the importance of wealth but questions how it is achieved.
88
What does Kama signify?
The pursuit of pleasure and emotional fulfillment, evident in personal relationships, aligned with Dhama.
89
What does the Mahabharata teach about life and karma?
The Mahabharata teaches that we live and die by our karmic cycle, where our present life is shaped by our past actions and influences our future lives.
90
What is the role of the community of believers in Hinduism?
The community of believers interprets and implements the wisdom and authority of Hindu texts, adhering to the principles of shruti and smriti.
91
What are the strengths of Hindu scriptures?
Hindu scriptures like the Vedas contain relevant philosophical and scientific knowledge and promote values such as mutual respect, compassion, and humility.
92
What are the weaknesses of Hindu scriptures?
Some view stories of gods and avatars as irrelevant in a scientific world, and the varna system is seen as outdated in a society advocating equal opportunities.
93
How have the Upanishads influenced Hindu practice?
The Upanishads have been central to yogic theory and practice, influencing Hindu ethics and culture, even extending to national media through film.
94
What is the principle of ahimsa in Hinduism?
Ahimsa, or nonviolence, is a principle that some consider impractical in a violent world, yet it is a significant teaching in Hindu texts.
95
What is the significance of karma in Hindu texts?
Karma represents the concept of cause and effect, which is timeless and applicable to all, emphasizing that values are eternal and not dependent on societal fashion.
96
What does karma mean in Hindu thought?
Karma means 'action' and the fruits of action, and it is the force that drives reincarnation.
97
What principle does karma reflect?
Karma reflects the principle of cause and effect, indicating that any activity must be paid back.
98
How does karma relate to samsara?
Karma generates the concepts of Samsara (the world) and the cycle of birth and reincarnation.
99
How does karma affect a person's situation in life?
A person's situation in this life is thought to be the result of karma from past lives.
100
Why is rebirth necessary in the context of karma?
Rebirth is necessary to work off the karma gathered in previous lives.
101
What happens to karma throughout a person's life?
The karmic debt increases throughout a person's life, binding the atman to the wheel of Samsara.
102
How is reincarnation viewed in Hinduism?
Reincarnation is seen as a negative process, placing the Atman back into a situation of suffering.
103
What does James Shirley say about the actions of the just?
"Only the actions of the just smell sweet and blossom in the dust."
104
How is karma described by John M. Koller?
"Karma is not a system of rewards and punishments arbitrarily imposed but a natural law of moral cause and effect."
105
What is Sanchita Karma?
Sanchita Karma refers to the accumulated karma from past lives that determines a soul's destiny.
## Footnote
Example: It includes the 'ragga i cama' from previous existences.
106
What is Prarabdha Karma Example?
Prarabdha Karma is the fruit-bearing karma that manifests in the present life, representing the karma that is ripe and ready to be worked out.
## Footnote
Example: It can lead to positive outcomes or challenges in one's current existence.
107
What is Agami Karma?
Agami Karma refers to karma in the making, which will take effect in the future based on current actions.
## Footnote
Example: It is the karma that results from trying to resolve past karma and the new karma created in the present.
108
What does Tilsidas say about destiny?
Tilsidas states that 'destiny was shaped long before the body came,' indicating that karma influences one's fate.
## Footnote
Example: This highlights the belief that past actions have a lasting impact on present circumstances.
109
What does the law of karma explain in Hinduism?
It explains the problem of evil that persists despite an omnipotent God.
110
Is karma the same as fate?
No, karma is not fate; each soul determines its own destiny through free-will.
111
In which form is free-will exercised according to karma?
Free-will is exercised only in human form.
112
What happens to the atman in lower species like animals?
The atman takes no moral decisions and is bound by instinct, generating no new karma.
113
What is the principle of karma?
Those who sow goodness will reap goodness, and those who sow evil will reap evil.
114
How are we punished according to the law of karma?
We are punished by our wicked actions and not for them.
115
What does Salzberg say about the universe and karma?
"Things don't just happen in this world of arising and passing away. Things happen according to certain laws, such as the law of karma."
116
Who decides the system of dharma and karma according to Ian Jamison?
The system of dharma and karma is not decided by the devas (gods); they do not sit in judgement on human actions.
117
What is reincarnation in Hinduism?
Reincarnation is a central belief in Hinduism, literally meaning 'again in flesh'. It is the process of the soul transmigrating into a new body.
118
What is the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth in Hinduism called?
This cycle is called Samsara.
119
What is the ultimate aim of the soul in Hinduism?
The ultimate aim of the soul is to be freed from the cycle of Samsara by attaining liberation, known as moksha.
120
What is the relationship between karma and reincarnation?
Our situation in this life is thought to be the fruit of our karma, which is accumulated throughout our reincarnated lives.
121
What does the Bhagavad Gita say about the soul and bodies?
"As a man casts off his worn-out clothes, and takes on other new ones, so does the embodied soul cast off his worn-out bodies, and enters others new." - Bhagavad Gita 2:12
122
What analogy is used in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad to describe the soul's transition?
"When a caterpillar has come to the end of a blade of grass, it reaches out to another blade... In the same way, the soul... looks for a new body which is more beautiful." - Brihadaranyaka Upanishad
123
What does the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad say about actions and their consequences?
"As people act so they become. If their actions are good, they become good; if their actions are bad, they become bad..." - Brihadaranyaka Upanishad
124
What is the purpose of life for Hindus?
The purpose of life for Hindus is to achieve 4 legitimate aims (goals) in human life, called Purusharthas.
125
What are the four daily duties of Hindus?
The four daily duties are to show respect to the deities, respect ancestors, respect all beings, and honor all humankind.
126
What is the significance of freeing oneself from Maya?
Humans can be reincarnated to a new, better life if they free themselves from Maya (illusion).
127
What does the Bhagavad Gita say about duty and lamenting?
One should not lament in the unavoidable discharge of their duty, as it is a cycle of birth and death.
128
What is Raja Yoga?
* (path of meditation) = discipline
* strong will path
* a disciplined path involving ethical living and meditations
* based on yoga sutras of Patabjali
* still mind to experience true self
129
What does Sat mean?
* Truth or Being
* It means Brahman is real, eternal, and never changes.
* Everything else may come and go, but Brahman just is, always.
130
What does Cit mean?
* Consciousness or Awareness
* Brahman isn’t just a thing — it’s aware.
* It’s the source of all intelligence and knowing.
131
What is Ananda?
* Bliss or Joy
* Being connected to Brahman brings pure happiness, the deepest peace you can feel.
