Theme 24: Cardio 1

Question 1

What is the fluid composition in the gastrovascular system compared ot outside it?

Answer 1

it is the same other than things they have eaten

Question 2

what are ostia?

Answer 2

holes in the heart

Question 3

what kind of circulation is in insects?

Answer 3

open

Question 4

what is insect blood called?

Answer 4

hemolymph

Question 5

does the closed invertebrate system use hemolyn or hemoglobin?

Answer 5

hemoglobin

Question 6

What is the general schematic of a vertebrae cardio system (8 parts)?

Answer 6

Heart
large arteries
smaller arteries
arterioles
capillaries
venules
smaller veins
large veins
----- restart

Question 7

What does a pump cause?

Answer 7

convection

Question 8

what are arterioles filled with?

Answer 8

smooth muscle

Question 9

where in the cardiovascular system does gas exchange happen?

Answer 9

capillaries

Question 10

Where is blood oxygenized?

Answer 10

capillaries

Question 11

What are the three types of cardiovascular systems in vertebrates?

Answer 11

Single Series
Parrellel
Double Series

Question 12

Which is not a cardiovascular system in vertebrates?

a) Single
b) Double
c) Open
d) Parrallel

Answer 12

open is not a cardiovascular system in vertebrates

Question 13

How many atriums and ventricles are in the single series system? what type of blood?

Answer 13

• deoxygenated blood in single atrium and single ventricle

Question 14

What has a single series system?

Answer 14

some fish

Question 15

True or False: Single series system has no coronary circulation.

Answer 15

true

Question 16

What are 2 problems in the single series system?

Answer 16

• limited pumping power (low pressure - lack of oxygen)

- limited blood going to tissues

Question 17

Which cardiovascular system has low pumping power, low pressure, no oxygenated blood in the heart and oxygen doesnt go to tissues?

Answer 17

single series

Question 18

what type of circulatory system do fish have?

Answer 18

single series

Question 19

What is the simplest circulatory system?

Answer 19

single series

Question 20

Which is the most complicated circulatory system?

Answer 20

Parallel system

Question 21

What is the parallel system specialized for?

Answer 21

intermittent breathing

Question 22

What animals used a parallel system?

Answer 22

reptiles that bring oxygen though the skin

Question 23

where can blood flow go in a parallel system?

Answer 23

tissues
lung
skin

Question 24

What is the double series circulation system?

Answer 24

blood goes through heart twice
equal flow in pulmonary and systemic circulations
high arterial pressure

Question 25

Which circulatory system has complete separation of pulmonary and systemic blood?

Answer 25

double series

Question 26

what is a problem with the double series circulation system:?

Answer 26

blood flow must be equal coming out of both left and right ventricles

Question 27

Why do arteries have a thicker wall than veins?

Answer 27

they hold much higher pressures and vein needs to be inflated and deflated

Question 28

What is the capillary wall composed of?

Answer 28

single layer of endothelial cells

Question 29

what is venous return of blood to heart aided by?

Answer 29

muscle pumps and valves in the limbs

Question 30

What is not a difference between veins and arteries? a) vein has more layers of smooth and connective tissue b) vein has a wider lumen c) artery has more elastic layers e) both have an endothelium

Answer 30

a) is wrong - vein has less layers of smooth and connective tissue

Question 31

Why are closed systems better than open systems?

Answer 31

closed have the ability to differentiate tissue perfusion by capillary beds

Question 32

What animals use double series circulatory systems?

Answer 32

mammals | birds

Question 33

what animals use parallel circulatory systems?

Answer 33

amphibians (reptiles)

Question 34

what animals have a systemic supply to heart muscle (coronary circulation)?

Answer 34

mammals | birds

Question 35

how do arterioles control local flow?

Answer 35

varying resistance

Question 36

true or false: Cappillaries have large surface area for exchange with tissues.

Answer 36

true

Question 37

what do arteries reduce? why?

Answer 37

redule pulse pressure because they are conduit vessels

Question 38

What are veins and venules?

Answer 38

conductance and capacitance vessels