Theme 28 - TempMet 1

Question 1

What is ambient temperature?

Answer 1

temperature of the animals surroundings

Question 2

which is not part of the combination of the thermal strategy?

a) bahavioural
b) biochemical
c) chemical
d) physiological

Answer 2

chemical

Question 3

what does temperal mean?

Answer 3

time

Question 4

what is the difference between the hot desert and alpine thermal niches?

Answer 4

hot desert is way too hot in day and too cold at night

alpine is extreme cold, desicating and dry, low partial pressue

Question 5

What are the two major thermal strategies?

Answer 5

tolerance

regulation

Question 6

what is the difference between tolerance and regulation?

Answer 6

tolerance means the body temperature varies with ambient temperature and regulation means it does not

Question 7

What are the two types of animals that have different sources of thermal energy?

Answer 7

ectotherm

endotherm

Question 8

what is an ectotherm?

Answer 8

environment determines body temp

Question 9

what is an endotherm?

Answer 9

animal regulates its own body temp

Question 10

what are the two variabilities of body temp animals?

Answer 10

poikilotherm

homeotherm

Question 11

what is a poikilotherm?

Answer 11

animal with variable body temp

Question 12

what is a homeotherm?

Answer 12

animal with stable body temp

Question 13

is a reptile a endotherm or ectotherm and a homeotherm or poikilotherm?

Answer 13

ectotherm and poikilotherm

Question 14

how does thermal energy move?

Answer 14

down a temperature gradient from hot thing to cold thing

Question 15

true or false: thermal energy can mobe from the animal to the environment and vice versa?

Answer 15

true

Question 16

what is conduction?

Answer 16

transfer of thermal energy from one object or fluid to another

Question 17

what is heat flux?

Answer 17

rate of transfer from warm to cold

Question 18

what is convection?

Answer 18

transfer of thermal energy between an object and an external medium that is moving (ex wind)

Question 19

what three things does rate of heat exchange depend on?

Answer 19

the thermal gradient
rate of flow of the fluid
conductivity of the fluid

Question 20

what is radiation?

Answer 20

emission of electromagnetic radiation which is a source of heat gain
radiating heat

Question 21

what do basking animals have to absorb thermal energy?

Answer 21

black and brown pigments

Question 22

what is evaporation?

Answer 22

water molecules absorb thermal energy from a surface when making the transition from liquid to vapor

Question 23

what increases the heat of vaporization?

Answer 23

salt

Question 24

what is bergmanns rule to do with surface area to volume ratio?

Answer 24

animals living in cold environments are larger to use body heat different ways

Question 25

what is allens rule to do with surface area to volume ratio?

Answer 25

animals in colder climates have smaller extremities (arctic hare has smaller ears than desert jackrabbit)

Question 26

what is insulation?

Answer 26

layer of material that reduces thermal exchange with environment

Question 27

what are 6 types of insulation?

Answer 27

``` internal: 1. fat External: 2. hair 3. fur 4. feathers 5. air 6. water ```

Question 28

what is a temporal heterotherm?

Answer 28

changes over time | ex. hibernating animals, sleeping humans

Question 29

what is a regional heterotherm?

Answer 29

body temp varies in regions of the body | ex. billfish

Question 30

how do small birds save metabolic energy and reduce heat loss?

Answer 30

let body temp fall as ambient temp falls at night

Question 31

what part of insects is warmer ? the thorax or abdomen?

Answer 31

thorax

Question 32

what are the three thermal zones of homeotherms?

Answer 32

thermoneutral zone upper critical temperature lower critical temperature

Question 33

what is the thermoneutral zone of homeotherms?

Answer 33

optimal range of temps for physiological processes like metabolic rate

Question 34

what is the upper critical temperature of homeotherms?

Answer 34

metabolic rate increases as animal induces physiological response to prevent overheating

Question 35

what is the lower critical temperature of homeotherms?

Answer 35

metabolic rate increases to increase heat production

Question 36

true or false: Ecosystems vary in temperature spatially and not temporally.

Answer 36

false, both vary

Question 37

what is thermal energy generated by?

Answer 37

metabolism

Question 38

what are the 4 ways thermal energy is transfered?

Answer 38

conduction convection radiation evaporation

Question 39

what are the two types of endothermy?

Answer 39

regional | temporal

Question 40

what do homeotherms produce to defend body temp if ambient temp is above or below the thermoneutral zone?

Answer 40

physiological responses