Theme 3 Flashcards
Where are Nike headquarters?
Beaverton, Oregon. Where 5500 are employed.
What is Nike’s global market share in sports footwear?
27.4%.
Information on China and USA in relation to Nike:
China: 206 factories, 260000 workers, GDP/capita of $8500
USA: 66 factories, 139000 workers, GDP/capita of $49000
Total: 765 factories in 43 countries.
What other countries does Nike manufacture products in?
Vietnam, Indonesia, and Thailand.
Where does Nike get it’s raw materials from?
The manufacturing host country (China, India, Turkey, and the USA).
Why did Nike locate it’s factories in China?
- cheap labour: $1.7 per hour.
- government incentives.
- raw materials produced locally and cheap to obtain: 6.4 million metric tonnes of cotton produced.
- countries are close together so transport of materials is cheap: shares a border with India.
- free trade often takes place between the countries: China is in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership.
- expanding market: it’s 20.9% from 2019.
What impacts does Nike have on China?
- forced labour practices in Xinjang Uyghur Autonomous Region.
- pollution from dyes in the river Yangtze and Pearl River Delta.
- the government received $9 billion from direct taxation in 5 years.
- jobs are created (employee and factory statistics)
- development if infrastructure e.g. roads and airports to transport goods.
- new skills such as sewing.
- 7.33 kg of CO2/unit produced
What is Jamaica’s climate like?
- hot: average temperature of 25 degrees for 7 hours per day.
- average of 10 hours of sunlight a day.
Airports in Jamaica?
Sangster International Airport - accessible.
Attractions in Jamaica?
- snorkelling, deep sea fishing, golf courses e.g. White Which Golf club
- hotels in Negril and Montego Bay - all inclusive
- diving and a 7 mile beach - Negril Bay
- Dunn river falls
- Plantation houses turned into museums + other museums e.g. Columbus Park museum
- Cockpit caves
- Negril Marine Park to preserve sea life - 4 marine parks
- Blue Mountains in the East
- large biodiversity
What are the positives and negatives of Tourism in Jamaica?
Advantages:
- 27.4% of the total GDP
- tourists spend $2.2 billion a year
- directly employed 90000 people
- 20.6% employed in the tourist industry
- infrastructure and services can be used by locals.
- positive multiplier affect.
- local farms sell produce - coffee, sugar, sugarcanes, sugar beet, citrus and coconuts
- allows funding of social projects e.g education, HIV and AIDS
- social taxes have gone directly into education and healthcare
Disadvantages:
- inappropriate behaviour of tourists e.g littering, being too loud
- heavy use of resources by tourists - 10 times more than the average local
- loss of heritage - loss of reggae music to tropical house etc.
- under-use of facilities in the off peak season - autumn and spring months
- all-inclusive hotels money allows economic leakage e.g Moon Palace Jamaica Grande
- locals have low-paid jobs where managers have high-paid ones but are expats
- 45% of all income comes from tourism
- traffic congestion and pollution at popular locations at popular locations e.g Ocho Rios Marine Park, with 1 hour traffic jams and Montego Bay
- air traffic from planes into airports, as Montego Bya’s Int. Airport is 56km away from Negril
- power stations from fuelling tourist’s use creates pollution e.g Rockfort Power Plant
- some hotels are an eyesore e.g Falmouth Beach Hotel
- coral reefs are being damaged by ship anchors and jet skis
How is tourism being managed in Jamaica?
Management of tourism: Jamaica’s ‘master plan’
- national parks have entry fees of $8 to allow the preservation of local wildlife
- marine parks conserve coral reefs
- the Negril Marine Park has strict rules about number of people entering and conduct
- Jamaica Conservation and Development Trust is responsible for the management of national parks
- ecotourism is being developed: landscaping in Montego Bay tries to be more attractive, education of flowers and herbs etc. to preserve plants, raft trips on the Rio Grande river minimises the disturbance of the peace, relying on manpower
- community tourism is also being developed through pro-poor tourism - alleviating poverty in local areas
- strict control of hotel height, to stop obstructing views
- moving away from inclusive tourism (Treasure Island), food festivals, 50,000 local farmers, fundraising events from governments
- reggae festival of local residents
- selling hats made by the people
- the marketing is used to promote the local attractions
- local people running small guest-houses, improving lives in Port Antonio
Where does Iceland get it’s energy from?
Renewable energy provides almost 100% of electricity production, with about 70% coming from hydropower and 30% from geothermal power.
How is geothermal energy produced in Iceland?
Magma heats nearby rocks and underground aquifers. Hot water can be released through geysers, hot springs, steam vents, underwater hydrothermal vents, and mud pots. These are all sources of geothermal energy. Their heat can be captured and used directly for heat, or their steam can be used to generate electricity.
How many geothermal energy plants are there in Iceland?
- For example, Krafla.
How is geothermal energy used in Iceland?
About 85% of all houses in Iceland are heated with geothermal energy. In 2015, the total electricity consumption in Iceland was 19000 GWh.
