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Democracies in Change - America > Theme 3.4 - The War and the economy 1941-45 > Flashcards

Theme 3.4 - The War and the economy 1941-45 Flashcards

1
Q

Give an example of an agency responsible for the facilitation of economic expansion after the war

A

Office of War mobilization

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2
Q

What proportion of the population moved to work in war industries?

A

12%

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3
Q

How many tanks did the USA produce between 1941-45?

A

86,000

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4
Q

What happened to farmers income as a result of WW2?

A

Increased by 250%

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5
Q

What happened to production in farms during WW2?

A

Increased by 25% - More produced as more was needed

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6
Q

What was unemployment like in 1944 compared to that in 1940?

A

1944 - 1.2% 1940 - 13.9%

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7
Q

What proportion of America was unemployed in 1944?

A

1.2%

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8
Q

How many women entered the workforce in 1944?

A

6.5 million

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9
Q

What proportion of women were employed by the end of the war?

A

Almost 60%

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10
Q

What happened to the employment of Black Americans working for the federal government in 1939 compared to 1944?

A

1939 - 50,000 1944 - 200,000

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11
Q

How many black people moved to cities between 1940-1944?

A

5 million - millions finding jobs in the defence plants

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12
Q

What happened to the GNP between 1939-45?

A

Rose from $91.3 billion in 1939 to $166.6 billion in 1945

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13
Q

What proportion of teenage boys found work in some capacity?

A

66%

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14
Q

How did the war affect the number of teenagers in the workplace?

A

Increased by 1.9 million teenagers.

1940 - 900,000 14-18-year-olds employed.

Spring 1944 - 3 million (1/3 of the age group)

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15
Q

How did the war affect teenagers in schools?

A

Fell from 6.6 million in 1940 to 5.6 million in 1944.

Seen as irrelevant in the uncertain times of the wartime world.

Led to the 1944 - back to school drive

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16
Q

How did the national debt change between 1941 and 1945?

A

1941 - $41 billion

1945 - $260 billion

Spent twice as much between 1941-1945 as the previous 150 years.

17
Q

What was tax like on incomes over $200,000?

A

94% tax.

18
Q

How did the number of taxpayers change between 1940-1945?

A

1940 - 7 million

1944 - 42 million.

19
Q

What proportion of government income was from war bonds?

A

50%

They were enthusiastically promoted by celebrities on nationwide tours.

20
Q

What did the Smith Act do?

A
  • 1940
  • made illegal to threaten to overthrow the government
21
Q

What did the Selective Service Act do?

A
  • 1940
  • introducing conscription initially men 21-35
  • extended to men 18-45 after the outbreak of war
22
Q

When and why was the Office of War Mobilisation set up?

A
  • May 1943
  • control production, food prices and rents.
  • Rationed meat, sugar and petrol
  • car production stopped
  • clothes were simplifies and restricted
23
Q

How were average incomes effected by WW2?

A
  • wages doubled 24% - 44%
  • prices of products increased 28%
  • 1945 - nationally people had saved $140 billion
24
Q

Give 4 examples of agencies the government set up

A
  1. Office of War Mobilisation - controlling production from 1943
  2. War production Board - 1941 - supervising $183 billion worth of weapons and supplies - 40% of world supply
  3. Office of Price Administration and Civilian Supply - 1941 to control inflation - 1942 set up General Maximum Price regulation - 90% food was subject to price controls
  4. National War Labor Board - 1942 - settle industrial disputes and determine wages said rises shouldn’t exceed 15% - Furthered by Emergency Stabilisation Act - trying to limit rise offering holidays and other benefits.
25
Q

How many servicemen and women were called to find work?

A
  • 15 million
  • By end of war 1/8 had moved to find work - most south to north.
  • Estimated 27 million moved during the war.
  • rural populations decreased. - 29%
  • Eg. California pop rose 72%
26
Q

How was the divorce rate affected by the war?

A

rose 20%

27
Q

How many dropped out of high school due to the war?

A

1 million betweem 1940-44

In need of work and a general fear of the loss of deference

28
Q

Explain the baby boom during WW2

A
  • Population rose by 6.5 million
  • Furlough babies - the result of servicemen on leave
29
Q

How were labour unions effected by WW2?

A
  • Membership rose 10.5 million to 14.75 million
  • American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organisation supported the war effector
  • Agreeing non-binding pledges would help avoid strikes.
  • So any industrial disputes to be taken to the National war Labor Board.
  • 400,000 coal miners went on 12-week strike.
  • combatted by Smith-Connally War Labour Disputes Act - 1943 - allow gov to control essential industry
30
Q

Give an example of new industries within America

A
  • Japan had cut off 90% of USA supply to natural rubber
  • So 1944 USA converted petrol to synthetic rubber
  • By 1945 - 51 plants were in operation
  • By the end of the war USA became the largest exporter of synthetic rubber in the world.
31
Q

How did the Pharmaceutical industry change due to WW2?

A
  • 1942 - government gave 60 companies funding to begin mass production of penicillin
  • Became most profitable in the world
  • Firm Pfizer - developed fermentation technique using huge tanks
  • When factor opened in Brooklyn they produce more penicillin in one month than they had in the previous year.
32
Q

Give examples of the growth of the military-industrial complex during WW2

A
  • National income from 1.5% in 1937 to 50% in 1945.
  • As 2/3 steel mills were idle they had the capacity for growth
  • 33% economy devoted to war production
  • supply 50% all weaponry to allies
  • in 1943 Tehran Conference Jospeh Stalin acknowledge the war would have been lost without US weaponry.
  • Car production shift to planes and tanks - Detroit produced 20% aircraft engines.

Democracies in Change - America (16 decks)

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