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Democracies in Change - America > Topic 2.1 - The spread of the Depression 1929-32 > Flashcards

Topic 2.1 - The spread of the Depression 1929-32 Flashcards

1
Q

<p></p>

<p>What had car sales dropped to in 1933?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>1 million sales.</p>

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2
Q

<p></p>

<p>In Toledo, between May 1929 and spring 1932, how many much of the workforce did Willis- Overland , a car manufacturing company, keep on?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>3000/ 25000</p>

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3
Q

<p></p>

<p>How many cars were on the road by 1929?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>27 million cars!</p>

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4
Q

<p><br></br>What was the average wage by 1929?</p>

<p></p>

<p>How did this change by 1932?</p>

<p></p>

<p>What would the average wage have been per day?</p>

A

<p></p>

<ul> <li><strong>1929</strong>- <strong>$1716</strong></li> <li><strong>1932</strong>- It <strong>drops</strong> by around<strong> 60%</strong> to <strong>$680</strong></li></ul>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>The <strong>average wage per day</strong> is <strong>$2.50</strong></li></ul>

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5
Q

<p></p>

<p>In America- how many old age pensioners were actually given relief?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>36,000!</p>

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6
Q

<p></p>

<p>In the 1920s- how many banks were there?</p>

<p>How many closed out of this number?</p>

<p></p>

<p>During the period 1929-1933 how many further banks closed?</p>

A

<p></p>

<ul> <li><strong>1920s</strong>- <strong>30,000 banks</strong> in total.</li></ul>

<p></p>

<ul> <li><strong>5,000</strong> out of <strong>30,000 </strong>banks <strong>closed</strong>.</li></ul>

<p></p>

<ul> <li><strong>1929-1933</strong>, a <strong>further 10,000 banks close</strong>!</li></ul>

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7
Q

<p></p>

<p>What was the GNP like in 1933 compared to 1929?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>It was <strong>half</strong> of what is was in 1929!</p>

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8
Q

<p></p>

<p>What happened to <strong>unemployment </strong>of the labour force in <strong>1929</strong> compared to compared to <strong>1933</strong>?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>Unemployment soared from as much as <strong>3.2%</strong> of the labour force in <strong>1929</strong> compared <strong>25.2%</strong> by<strong> 1933!</strong></p>

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9
Q

<p></p>

<p>What percentage of the labour force was out of work in 1929?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>3.2%</p>

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10
Q

<p></p>

<p>What percentage of the labour force was out of work by 1933?</p>

<p></p>

<p>How many people did this mean were out of work?</p>

<p><br></br>What did the Labour Research Association believe about this figure?</p>

A

<p></p>

<ul> <li><strong>25.2%</strong></li></ul>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>Meant that <strong>12,830,000</strong> people were out of work!</li></ul>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>They believed it was an <strong>underestimate</strong> and the real figure was closer to<strong> 17 million</strong>!</li></ul>

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11
Q

<p></p>

<p>What was it estimated that the national wage bill was in 1932 compared to the 1929 figure?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>Estimated that the national wage bill in<strong> 1932</strong> was only<strong> 40%</strong> of the <strong>1929 </strong>figure!</p>

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12
Q

<p></p>

<p>What was spread throughout the country unevenly?</p>

A

<p></p>

<ul> <li>Unemployment!</li> <li>Underemployment!</li></ul>

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13
Q

<p></p>

<p>How many people in New York alone were unemployed?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p><strong>1 million</strong> unemployed!</p>

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14
Q

<p></p>

<p>In Ohio, what percentage of the city of Cleveland were unemployed?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>50%</p>

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15
Q

<p></p>

<p>In Toledo, what percentage of people were unemployed?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>80%</p>

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16
Q

<p><br></br>What depression proof industries were there and what did they sheild?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>Industries such as <strong>cigarette manufacture</strong>, sheilding Louisville, Kentucky & Richmond and Virginia.</p>

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17
Q

<p><br></br>What did the magazine, "The Nation" report in April 1931?</p>

A

<p></p>

<ul> <li>The number of <strong>black Americans out of work</strong> was<strong> 4-6 times higher </strong>than <strong>white Americans</strong>.</li></ul>

<p></p>

<ul> <li><strong>Poorly paid jobs</strong> traditionally reserved for<strong> black Americans </strong>such as those of a <strong>waiter </strong>and<strong> lift attendant </strong>were now increasingly being <strong>offered </strong>to <strong>white people</strong>.</li></ul>

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18
Q

<p></p>

<p>What did a study of unemployment in 13 large cities find about unemployment in black Americans compared to white Americans?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p><strong>52% </strong>of <strong>black Americans</strong> were <strong>unemployed</strong></p>

<p>COMPARED TO<br></br></p>

<p><strong>31.7%</strong> of <strong>whiteAmericans</strong>!</p>

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19
Q

<p><br></br>What did the Depression do to the migration of black Americans to Northern cities?</p>

<p></p>

<p>How many left the South during the Depression years?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p></p>

<p>Slowed the migration!<br></br></p>

<p>During the Depression years, <strong>300,000 </strong>left the south!</p>

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20
Q

<p></p>

<p>Who were amongst the poorest of all Americans?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>Native Americans</p>

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21
Q

<p></p>

<p>What was government policy towards Native Americans based on?</p>

<p></p>

<p>What did it have as its lynchpin?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>The Dawes Severalty Act of 1887.</p>

<p></p>

<p>It had the twin notions of <strong>assimilation</strong> and <strong>allotment</strong>.</p>

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22
Q

<p></p>

<p>Native Americans</p>

<p>What was the policy of allotment?</p>

A

<p></p>

<ul> <li>Meant that <strong>old tribal units</strong> were <strong>broken up</strong> and the <strong>reservations</strong> <strong>divided</strong> into <strong>family-sized farms</strong> of <strong>160 acres</strong>!</li></ul>

<p></p>

<ul> <li><strong>Surplus land</strong> was to be <strong>sold off!</strong></li></ul>

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23
Q

<p></p>

<p>What had the destruction of Native American culture done?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>Left the people listless and apathetic!</p>

<p></p>

<p>Allotment had been a failure- particularly for those Native Americans who were not farmers by tradition!</p>

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24
Q

<p></p>

<p>Native Americans</p>

<p></p>

<p>What was wrong with much of the land allocated to them?</p>

<p></p>

A

<p></p>

<p></p>

<p>It was <strong>unsuitable </strong>for productive farming!</p>

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25
Q

<p></p>

<p>How many of the 138 million acres that were owned by the Native Americans at the time of the Dawes Severalty Act had fallen out of their hands by 1932?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p><strong>90 million</strong> acres!!</p>

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26
Q

<p></p>

<p>In 1926- what did the <strong>department of interior inquiry</strong> confirm about the<strong> Dawes Severalty Act of 1887?</strong></p>

<p></p>

<p>Was anything done about this?</p>

A

<p></p>

<ul> <li>It had been a <strong>disaster </strong>for <strong>Native Americans</strong> and that the <strong>policy of allotment</strong> in particular should be <strong>reversed</strong>!</li></ul>

<p></p>

<ul> <li><strong>Nothing</strong> had been done to<strong> alleviate it</strong>! The Great Depression <strong>made matters worse</strong> in that <strong>Native Americans </strong>found it <strong>more difficult to leave the poverty</strong> stricken reservations in search of work!</li></ul>

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27
Q

<p></p>

<p>How were women affected?</p>

A

<p></p>

<ul> <li><strong>Women</strong>- particularly those of <strong>working classes</strong> did badly!</li> <li>Those in<strong> unskilled jobs</strong> were likely to be<strong> laid off before men </strong></li> <li>Women in <strong>domestic service suffered</strong> because families could <strong>no longer afford</strong> to keep them on!</li></ul>

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28
Q

<p></p>

<p>How were married women affected and what were they often accused of?</p>

A

<p></p>

<ul> <li>Often <strong>needed to work</strong> to keep the family <strong>solvent </strong>- however because they had a job, they were accused of being <strong>responsible for male unemployment!</strong></li></ul>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>It was common for them to be<strong> dismissed </strong>and their <strong>work given to the men!</strong></li></ul>

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29
Q

<p></p>

<p>In 1930- what percentage of American school authorities refused to employ married women?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>75%</p>

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30
Q

<p></p>

<p>How many states banned married women from being employed?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>Over half of the 48 states!</p>

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31
Q

<p></p>

<p>What new ideas were introduced during the Depression that were positive?</p>

<p></p>

<p><br></br>What industry avoided the Depression altogether?</p>

A

<p></p>

<ul> <li>Air conditioning</li> <li>Airline travel</li> <li>Colour film</li> <li>Supermarkets</li></ul>

<p></p>

<p>The aviation industry! (aircraft)</p>

32
Q

<p></p>

<p>What happened to the production of coal in 1932 and what happened to the workforce?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>Production in 1932 was at its lowest since 1904 and the workforce fell by 300,000 !</p>

33
Q

<p></p>

<p>What type of employment did many of those in work have and what could wages be as low as per day?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>Only part-time employed!</p>

<p></p>

<p>Wages- as low as $2.50 per day!</p>

34
Q

<p></p>

<p>What percentage of textile firms were losing money?</p>

<p></p>

<p></p>

A

<p></p>

<p>75%</p>

35
Q

<p></p>

<p>What happened to iron and steel production?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>It fell by 59%</p>

36
Q

<p></p>

<p>What happened to car sales from 1929 to 1933?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p><strong>1929</strong>-<strong> 4,455,178</strong> car sales</p>

<p></p>

<p><strong>1933</strong>- <strong>1, 103, 557 </strong>car sales</p>

37
Q

<p></p>

<p>What happened to the average number of people employed in the "motor city" of Detroit between 1928&1929?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>It fell by 21.5% !</p>

38
Q

<p></p>

<p>What happened to the number employed by both General Electric and Westinghouse - making electric appliances?</p>

<p></p>

<p>What were the only electrical goods that did not suffer a signifcant decline in demand?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>It was more than halved!</p>

<p></p>

<p>Light-bulbs which needed to be replaced!</p>

39
Q

<p></p>

<p>The construction industry</p>

<p></p>

<p>What happened to the number of newly built residential units between 1929 & 1932?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p></p>

<p>Fell by<strong> 82%</strong> !!</p>

40
Q

<p></p>

<p>What were construction contracts valued at in 1929 and what were 3 years later?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>1929- valued at $6.6 billion</p>

<p>1932- $1.3 billion</p>

41
Q

<p></p>

<p>With fewer in productive work overall- what happened to the growth rate in 1929 - 1932?</p>

<p></p>

<p>What happened to the GNP?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>The growth rate went into <strong>decline</strong> from <strong>6.7 %</strong> in <strong>1929 </strong>to <strong>14.7%</strong> - <strong>1932.</strong></p>

<p></p>

<p><strong>Fall in GNP</strong> from<strong> $203.6 billion</strong> -<strong> 1929</strong> to <strong>$144.2 billion- 1932.</strong></p>

42
Q

<p></p>

<p>How many bank closures were there between 1921-1929?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>5000</p>

43
Q

<p></p>

<p>How many bank closures were there between 1929-1933?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>10,000</p>

44
Q

<p></p>

<p>What type of banks closed and why was this?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p><strong>Small banks</strong> that had <strong>overextended lending </strong>in the time of prosperity and now could <strong>not meet their depositors demands</strong> for their money!</p>

45
Q

<p></p>

<p>What would happen when farmers couldn't meet their mortgage repayments?</p>

<p></p>

<p>What would happen to the banks in this process?</p>

A

<p></p>

<ul> <li>The banks had to <strong>evict them</strong> and<strong> takeover </strong>the farms.</li></ul>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>In doing so, the banks <strong>lost liquid assets </strong>in the form of <strong>mortgage repayments </strong>and gained<strong> bankrupt</strong>, often <strong>unsaleable farms</strong> in exchange.</li></ul>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>As a result- many went <strong>bankrupt</strong> themselves- often <strong>losing their customers savings</strong> in the process!</li></ul>

46
Q

<p></p>

<p>Social effects of the Depression...</p>

<p></p>

<p>Why was the human cost of the Depression so enormous?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>The USA was ill-equipped to handle unemployment!</p>

<p></p>

<p>E.g. There was no federal unemployment benefit</p>

47
Q

<p></p>

<p>Social Effects</p>

<p><br></br>What was the work ethic like in America and unemployment among the able-bodied?</p>

<p></p>

<p>Therefore what effects were devestating?</p>

A

<p></p>

<ul> <li>The <strong>work ethic </strong>was very<strong> strong </strong>and <strong>unemployment among the able- bodied</strong> was generally <strong>held to be their own fault!</strong></li></ul>

<p></p>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>Therefore the <strong>psychological effects</strong> of <strong>mass unemployment</strong> were devestating!</li></ul>

48
Q

<p></p>

<p>How did the number of marriages change from 1929- 1932??</p>

A

<p></p>

<p><strong>1929</strong>:<strong>1.23 million</strong> marriages</p>

<p><strong>1932</strong>: <strong>982,000</strong> marriages</p>

49
Q

<p></p>

<p>How many marriages were there in 1929?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>1.23 million</p>

50
Q

<p><br></br>How many marriages were there in 1932?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>982,000 marriages!</p>

51
Q

<p></p>

<p>What happened to birth rates from 1929 - 1932?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p><strong>Fall in birth rates </strong>from <strong>21.2 per thousand in 1929</strong> to <strong>19.5 per thousand- 1932.</strong></p>

52
Q

<p></p>

<p>What happened to suicide rates from 1929 to 1932?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p><strong>Suicide rates increased</strong> from <strong>14 per 10,000</strong> (1929) to <strong>17.4 per 10,000</strong> (1932).</p>

53
Q

<p></p>

<p>Why did the nature of poor relief vary and who was it provided by?</p>

<p><br></br>Who did it mostly come from?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>Because it was provided variously by states, local authorities or charities.</p>

<p></p>

<p>Most came from charities!</p>

54
Q

<p><br></br>What was insurance like before 1932?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p><strong>No state</strong> had any system of <strong>recognised unemployment insurance</strong> and only <strong>11 </strong>operated any kind of <strong>pension scheme</strong>, with a total outlay of only<strong> $220,000</strong>, aiding a mere <strong>1,000</strong> people!</p>

55
Q

<p></p>

<p>Before 1932- how many states operated a kind of pension scheme?</p>

<p></p>

<p>What was the total outlay?</p>

<p></p>

<p>How many people did it help?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>11 states.</p>

<p></p>

<p>Outlay- $220,000</p>

<p></p>

<p>1000 people</p>

56
Q

<p></p>

<p>The depression was a time when the population wasageing.</p>

<p></p>

<p>In 1925- how many pensioners recieved benefits?</p>

<p>How many pension plans were there?</p>

<p></p>

<p>As a result of this, what did old people have to do?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p><strong>36,000</strong> pensioners.</p>

<p></p>

<p><strong>500 </strong>pension plans.</p>

<p></p>

<p>Meant old people traditionally had to keep working, live on their savings or rely on their children for support.</p>

57
Q

<p></p>

<p>What was the problem for those who were titled relief?</p>

A

<p></p>

<ul> <li><strong>Relief bodies </strong>were<strong> running out</strong> of <strong>funds</strong>!</li> <li><strong>Charities</strong> naturally suffered a <strong>decline</strong> in the Depression, at the very<strong> time</strong> when <strong>funds were needed the most!</strong></li></ul>

<p></p>

<ul> <li><strong>States</strong> also received <strong>less in taxes</strong> as <strong>unemployment rose</strong>. As a result, many had to <strong>cut</strong> rather than <strong>expand </strong>their services.</li></ul>

58
Q

<p></p>

<p>What happened in Arkansas in the winter of the years 1932-1933?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>Schools were closed for 10 months in the year, while teachers in Chicago went unpaid.</p>

59
Q

<p></p>

<p>What percentage of necessary funds could charities supply in 1932?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>6%</p>

60
Q

<p></p>

<p>In the years 1931-1932, what happened to relief appropriations?</p>

<p></p>

<p>Give an example.</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>When the demand was the greatest- most states cut their relief appropriations.</p>

<p></p>

<p>Michigan, for example, reduced funds from $2 million in 1931 to $832,000 in 1932.</p>

61
Q

<p></p>

<p>What happened as a result of most states cutting their relief appropriations?</p>

<p></p>

<p>What did Fortune magazine estimate in September 1932? What did this estimate not include?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>Many people went <strong>hungry</strong> or were <strong>starving</strong>!</p>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>They estimated that as much as <strong>28%</strong> of the<strong> total population</strong> was receiving <strong>no income.</strong></li> <li>This estimate d<strong>idn't include the 11 million farm workers</strong>- many of who were in acute difficulties!</li></ul>

62
Q

<p></p>

<p><strong>RURAL POVERTY</strong></p>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>What happened to many farms mortgages and when did this happen?</li> <li>What did the auction of a foreclosed farm attract?</li> <li>What were ways in which those repossessing property could be thwarted- what was there sometimes and what woulod happen if this was the case?</li></ul>

A

<p></p>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>Their mortgages were <strong>foreclosed</strong>.</li> <li>Could attract <strong>violence</strong>.</li> <li>Local farmers- agree to<strong> bid a few cents</strong> and then <strong>return the farm </strong>to the <strong>former owner</strong>. Somtimes there was<strong> intimidation</strong>. In the face of this, <strong>two state govenors</strong> said that <strong>payments on farm mortgages could be postponed</strong> until circumstances improved.</li></ul>

63
Q

<p></p>

<p><strong>Poverty in the midst of plenty</strong></p>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>What was the largest tragedy?</li></ul>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>What were farm prices and what did this mean?</li></ul>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>Give an example of what was happpening in Montana.</li></ul>

A

<p></p>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>Tragedy- people were <strong>hungry</strong> in one of the <strong>richest food- producing countries</strong> in the world.</li></ul>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>Farm prices- so <strong>low</strong> that food could <strong>not </strong>be <strong>profitably harvested.</strong></li></ul>

<p></p>

<ul> <li><strong>Montana</strong>-<strong> wheat</strong> was <strong>rotting</strong> in the fields.</li></ul>

64
Q

<p></p>

<p><strong>Poverty in the midst of plenty</strong></p>

<p></p>

<p>What was happening to meat prices?</p>

<p></p>

<p>Sheep?</p>

<p></p>

<p>Women in Chicago?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>Meat prices- not sufficient to warrant transporting animals to market.</li></ul>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>In Oregon- <strong>sheep </strong>were <strong>slaughtered </strong>and left to the buzzards (bird) .</li></ul>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>In Chicago- women scoured rubbish dumps for anything edible.</li></ul>

65
Q

<p></p>

<p><strong>Poverty in the midst of plenty</strong></p>

<p></p>

<p>Chicago- what was the total relief funds per day for the city?</p>

<p></p>

<p>How much was given to an adult and child recipient per week?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p></p>

<p><strong>$100,000</strong> per day!</p>

<p></p>

<p><strong>$2.40</strong> per <strong>adult</strong>.</p>

<p><strong>$1.50</strong> per <strong>child</strong>.</p>

66
Q

<p></p>

<p>In <strong>1931</strong>, how many <strong>1 parent families</strong> were there held by a <strong>woman</strong>?</p>

<p></p>

<p></p>

<p>How many<strong> recieved </strong>any <strong>financial aid</strong>?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p><strong>3.8 million</strong>!</p>

<p></p>

<p><strong>19,280 </strong>received any aid.</p>

67
Q

<p></p>

<p><strong>Gangsterism</strong></p>

<p></p>

<p>What was there a significant increase in during this time and what are the Depression years often known as?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p>Gangsterism and crime!</p>

<p></p>

<p>Seen as an age of <strong>outlaw gangs </strong>who <strong>robbed banks </strong>throughout the <strong>South</strong> and<strong> Midwest.</strong></p>

68
Q

<p></p>

<p><strong>Gangsterism</strong></p>

<p>What were banks particularly blamed for?</p>

<p></p>

<p>What were outlaws often seen as?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>Banks- blamed for <strong>foreclosing on farm mortgages</strong> or <strong>refusing to lend money</strong> to see farmers through hard times.</li></ul>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>Oulaws- seen as <strong>Robin Hood figures- but</strong>little evidence to suggest that any shared their ill-gotten gains with the poor and dispossessed.</li></ul>

69
Q

<p></p>

<p></p>

<p><strong>The Clyde Barrow Gang</strong></p>

<p></p>

<p>Where did the gang prefer to steal from?</p>

<p></p>

<p></p>

<p>Who did the gang therefore prey on?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>General stores &gas stations, whose <strong>proprietors </strong><em><strong>(owner of business/property</strong></em>) =often little better off than the farmers facing dispossession in the communities they served.</li></ul>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>Gang therefore preyed on the very people who may have misguidedly applauded them.</li></ul>

70
Q

<p></p>

<p><u><strong>Gangsterism</strong></u></p>

<p></p>

<p>What did outlaws such as <strong>Clyde Barrow</strong> and <strong>John Dillinger</strong> tend to begin their careers as?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p></p>

<p>Begin their careers as small-time crooks and graduate to more ambitious projects.</p>

71
Q

<p></p>

<p><strong>Gangsterism</strong></p>

<p></p>

<p>Who was <strong>Dillinger</strong>?</p>

<p>What was he sentenced to?</p>

<p>What did he and an accomplice do?</p>

<p>What did he do whilst in prison?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>Dillinger- a <strong>navy deserter.</strong></li> <li>Sentenced to between<strong> 10-20 years</strong> imprisonment for his first offence, after he pleaded guilty.</li> <li>They robbed a <strong>grocery store</strong>, escaping with <strong>$50.</strong></li> <li>Used his prison years to<strong> learn from other inmates </strong>and plan the perfect robberies.</li></ul>

72
Q

<p></p>

<p><strong>Gangsterism- Dillinger</strong></p>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>After his release from prison in <strong>May 1933</strong>, how many <strong>bank robberies</strong> was he responsible for?</li></ul>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>What <strong>epithet</strong> did he go by?</li></ul>

A

<p></p>

<p></p>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>At least <strong>24</strong> bank robberies!</li></ul>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>'Public enemy number 1'</li></ul>

73
Q

<p></p>

<p><em><strong>Gangsterism</strong></em></p>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>Why was <strong><em>'Pretty Boy Floyd'</em></strong> first incarcerated?</li></ul>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>What about <em><strong>Barrow</strong></em>?</li></ul>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>Why did they choose these places?</li></ul>

A

<p></p>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>Incarcerated for the theft of<strong> $3.50 </strong>from a <strong>post office.</strong></li></ul>

<p></p>

<ul> <li><strong>Barrow</strong>- for a similar attack on a <strong>gas station.</strong></li></ul>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>If they wanted to <strong>steal large amounts</strong>, they had to <strong>raid banks</strong>. However <strong>small stores</strong> and<strong> gas stations</strong> were <strong>easier.</strong></li></ul>

74
Q

<p></p>

<p><strong>Gangsterism</strong></p>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>What did <strong>admirers</strong> think about the <strong>lives of outlaws</strong>?</li></ul>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>Was this the case in <strong>reality</strong>?</li></ul>

A

<p></p>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>They led <strong>glamorous lives!</strong></li></ul>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>Not the case- they <strong>led their lives on the run!</strong></li> <li>The <strong>authorities (notably the FBI) </strong>wereconstantly on their heels.</li> <li>There was the <strong>perennial threat </strong>that someone they knew would be <strong>tempted to cash in on a reward.</strong></li></ul>

75
Q

<p></p>

<p><strong>Gangsterism</strong></p>

<p></p>

<p>At one point, how much did <strong>Dillinger </strong>have on his head?</p>

A

<p></p>

<p></p>

<p><strong>$10,000</strong><em>(an unimaginable sum for people caught in the Depression!)</em></p>

76
Q

<p></p>

<p><strong>Gangsterism</strong></p>

<p></p>

<p>Did the outlaws always enjoy the proceeds of their crimes? Give an example.</p>

A

<p></p>

<p></p>

<p>No!</p>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>One store robbery in which a clerk was killed gave the Clyde Barrow gang $28.</li></ul>

<p></p>

<ul> <li>The outlaws spent this on protection and bribes!</li></ul>

77
Q

<p></p>

<p>Gangsterism</p>

<p></p>

<p>How did many of the Gangsters end their careers and give examples.</p>

A

<p></p>

<p></p>

<p>Squalid deaths!</p>

<p></p>

<ul> <li><strong>Pretty Boyd Floyd</strong>- shot to death in an apple orchard.</li> <li><strong>Bonnie and Clyde</strong>- died in a Louisiana ambush in May 1934.</li> <li><strong>Dillinger</strong>- caught in an FBi trap outside Chicago cinema, July 1934.</li></ul>

<p></p>

<p>(Others faced long stretches in prison. Relatively few escaped justice!)</p>

Democracies in Change - America (16 decks)

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