Theme 4 Flashcards

(61 cards)

1
Q

What are the indicators of growth

A

GDP per capita
literacy rate
health
Human Developement Index

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2
Q

What Countries are in BIRC

A

Brazil
Russia
India
China

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3
Q

What countries are in MINT

A

Mexico
Indonesia
Nigeria
Turkey

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4
Q

What are the top 5 imports of the UK

A

machinery
manufactures
materials
chemicals
fuels

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5
Q

What are the top 5 exports of the UK

A

machinery and computers
gems/ metals
vehicels
electric machinery
pharmacaticles

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6
Q

GDP

A

gross domestic product
the total monetary or market value of all the finished goods of all the finished goods and services produced within a country

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7
Q

Net exports =

A

total exports - total imports

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8
Q

GNP

A

gross national product
the value of all goods and services produced by a countries citizens in a given financial year, irrespective of their location

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9
Q

Specialization and competitiveness advatnages

A
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10
Q

Greenfield FDI

A

build a completely new factory or business. the best kind as it creates new jobs

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11
Q

brownfield FDI

A

buy an existing business and grow it

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12
Q

FDI benefits to host country

A

brings high paying new jobs
brings new technology
creates new markets
increases exports

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13
Q

what is a traiff

A

taxes on imports/exports

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14
Q

what is a quota

A

amount you are able to export

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15
Q

trade liberisation

A

the porcess of taking down the barier to trade between nations removing quotas abd tariffs

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16
Q

embargo

A

block

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17
Q

what is globilisation

A

the free movement of goods, services, people, capital information and technology enabiling businesses to sell their products anywhere in the world

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18
Q

advantages of trade liberisation

A

can break down monopolies
competitve
bettwer quality
globally scalable business model
improve education
diverse porducts and services

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19
Q

disadvantages of trade liberisation

A

brain drain acn affect economy
increased competition
loosend regulations exploit workers
enviromental damages
increased dependece on import

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20
Q

different aspects of globilisation

A

benefits and drawbacks
competieng inetnationally
exchange rates
imports and exports

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21
Q

enviromental impacts

A

utilises source materials more quickly, increased comosdity prices, increased pollution and global warming

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22
Q

structural employment

A

a large number of primary and secondary sector jobs have been moved to low wage economies creating structural unemployment issues in developed countries

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23
Q

movement of labour

A

alows the best talent to move quickly and easily access borders, creating a ‘brian drain’

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24
Q

what is protectionism

A

when a country takes action to protect its own industries by restricting trade with other

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25
what is dumping
over production in developed countries may be released into the markets of developing nations which undercuts domestic prices and domestic producers may be forced to leave the market
26
domestic employment
portectionist measures might be to portect domestic jobs if infront industries are allowed to grow or local businesses arent undercut by MNC'S from developed countires
27
tradic bloc
a group of countries that come together and make sure agreements to make imports and exports cheaper and easier
28
balance of payments
placing restricyions on imports may help to reduce a balance of payments on current account
29
domestic subsidies
goverment payments to domestic businessesto help reduce production costs and improve competitiveness
30
what are the three main trading blocs
european union ASEAN USMCA
31
what are the push factors
saturated domestic markets low growth oppourtunites end of the product life cycle at home need to diversfy need to reduce risk
32
what are the pull factors
attractions to new overseas markets in emerging economies oppourtunity to gain EOS by expanding overseas oppourtunity to exploit competitve advantages in new markets
33
what is offshoring
a business may deciede to reloacte its business overseas this is to take advatage of low labour costs in manufacturing cost efficiencies and supply chains
34
what is outsourcing
this is where a business function such as payroll is contracted out to a third party business. this third party business may or may not be located abroad
35
what is infastructure
the basic end physical orginisational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or business
36
what are natural Resources
you may need raw materials from that country if you dont locate you may have to import which could be expensive. This will push up the costs of your production which will reuslt in reduced profits
37
Reasons for global mergers and joint venture
spreading risk over different countries enetring raw materials/trading blocs acquiring international brand names sequring resources / supplies maintaining/increasing global comptetitiveness
38
what is a global merger
a global merger is an agreement between two companies from different countries to join forces pernamently
39
what is a joint venture
an agreement to work together on a specific prject or region for a specified time such as ten years
40
what is organic growth
involves expansion from within a business for example by expanding the [prduct range or number of business units and location organic growth builds on the business own capabiities and resources
41
effects of the exchange rate depends on :
inflation: deoreciation can cause inflation and this will lead to uncertainty in business recession: if there is a weak pound this is great for exports at lwoer prices but if there is a recession in the country buying the goods then demand will still be low. PED:if goods are price inelsatic then the lower price due to the weak pound wont affect demand raw materials: affect of appreciation or depreciation depends on how many raw materials the business buys competition: affects of appreciation or depreciation depends on how competitive the market is that the biusiness trades in
42
competitive advantage
low cost leadership differentiation
43
low cost leadership
with this stratergy a business will seek to produce the same quality products as its competitors at a lower price
44
differentiation:
a business will produce a unique product or give a unique service. they may have similar products but each will have some attributes which set it aside from the competition
45
skill shortages
this is when there is a lack of workers with the right qualifications in the industry business which follow differentiation are more vunrable to skills shortages as they will require more skilled staff
46
global marketing
veiwing the world as a global makret place. creates a global brand. reating products that will suit a world audience
47
with global marketing companies will focus on :
product markets emphasis on the similarities of customers aspirations or tastes consumer access to the media
48
with global marketing companies will focus on :
product markets emphasis on the similarities of customers aspirations or tastes consumer access to the media
49
advantages of global marketing
EOS in production and distribution lower average marketing costs power in the market as your brand is known consistency in brand image
50
disadvantages of global marketing
higher average marketing costs more international competition differences in consumer needs and wants differences in legal enviroments
51
glocalistion
used to describe products and services that are both developed and sold to global customers but desgined so that they suit the needs of local markets
52
the international market debate -
the decision wether products sold in a new international market should be adpated or standardisedq
53
polycentric
adapt to each market to appeal to local customers to maximise profits revenue
54
ethnocentric =
strandardise the product for all markets to keep costs low
55
geocentric
business can have some of the pros of a standardised approach to get eos but cater for needs of individual markets to maximise sales. focuses on a particular region of the globe
56
4 p's of the marketing mix
product place price promotion
57
market segmentation
the process of spliting s business target markrt into different groups. Businesses use these groups to make it easier for them o develope products aimed at a certain group of people and to help then target their marketing
58
exapmples of market segmentation
demographic behavioural psychological geographic
59
features of a global niche market
very small in each country but the combination og all the countries together is subset of a global market high specialized and is characterised by very loyal customers and premium prices
60
what is cultural diversity
range of different societies or people of different origins religouns and traditions all living and interacting togetehr
61
what is an mnc
sometimes called transnational company is a company that owns or controls production or service facilities