Themes II - Chapter 2

Question 1

Who introduced the terms ‘great’ and ‘little’ traditions?

Answer 1

Robert Redfield

Question 2

What language were the Puranas written in to make them accessible?

Answer 2

Simple Sanskrit

Question 3

Which deity was worshipped at Puri, Odisha?

Answer 3

Jagannatha

Question 4

What practices were associated with the goddess cults?

Answer 4

Tantric practices

Question 5

What were the two broad categories of Bhakti traditions?

Answer 5

Saguna and Nirguna

Question 6

Who were the Alvars devoted to?

Answer 6

Vishnu

Question 7

Who were the Nayanars devoted to?

Answer 7

Shiva

Question 8

What is the Tamil anthology of Alvar compositions called?

Answer 8

Nalayira Divyaprabandham

Question 9

What is the Tamil collection of Shaiva hymns called?

Answer 9

Tevaram

Question 10

Which woman Alvar expressed her love for Vishnu in her poems?

Answer 10

Andal

Question 11

Who was the ascetic female Nayanar saint?

Answer 11

Karaikkal Ammaiyar

Question 12

Which South Indian dynasty supported Bhakti traditions?

Answer 12

Cholas

Question 13

What is the term for wandering Shaiva monks in Karnataka?

Answer 13

Jangama

Question 14

Who was the founder of the Virashaiva/Lingayat movement?

Answer 14

Basavanna

Question 15

What language were Virashaiva vachanas composed in?

Answer 15

Kannada

Question 16

What is the term for burial instead of cremation among Lingayats?

Answer 16

Ceremonial burial

Question 17

Which 13th-century text incorporated Tamil Bhakti ideas into Sanskrit?

Answer 17

Bhagavata Purana

Question 18

Which group in north India came from artisan communities?

Answer 18

Naths, Jogis, Siddhas

Question 19

Who conquered Sind in 711 CE?

Answer 19

Muhammad Qasim

Question 20

What was the tax paid by non-Muslims under Muslim rule?

Answer 20

Jizya

Question 21

What term was used for protected non-Muslims in Islamic kingdoms?

Answer 21

Zimmi

Question 22

Who issued a farman allowing Jesuits to build a church in Khambat?

Answer 22

Akbar

Question 23

What term refers to mystic Islamic tradition?

Answer 23

Sufism or Tasawwuf

Question 24

What was a Sufi hospice called?

Answer 24

Khanqah

Question 25

What was the spiritual lineage in Sufism called?

Answer 25

Silsila

Question 26

What is the shrine of a Sufi saint called?

Answer 26

Dargah

Question 27

What is the term for a Sufi disciple?

Answer 27

Murid

Question 28

What is the term for a Sufi spiritual guide?

Answer 28

Shaikh or Pir

Question 29

What practice refers to pilgrimage to Sufi tombs?

Answer 29

Ziyarat

Question 30

What is the spiritual power of a saint called?

Answer 30

Barakat

Question 31

What type of music is associated with Sufism in India?

Answer 31

Qawwali

Question 32

Who introduced the Qaul in Qawwali?

Answer 32

Amir Khusrau

Question 33

What was the term for Chishti musical gatherings?

Answer 33

Sama

Question 34

What was the open kitchen in Chishti khanqahs called?

Answer 34

Langar

Question 35

Who composed the Padmavat in a Sufi context?

Answer 35

Malik Muhammad Jayasi

Question 36

What language was used in Bijapur Sufi poems?

Answer 36

Dakhani

Question 37

What is the name of the bhakti poet who used ulatbansi (inverted verses)?

Answer 37

Kabir

Question 38

Which three collections contain Kabir's poems?

Answer 38

Kabir Bijak, Kabir Granthavali, Adi Granth

Question 39

What term did Kabir use for formless divine?

Answer 39

Nirakar

Question 40

Who founded the Sikh religion?

Answer 40

Baba Guru Nanak

Question 41

What were Baba Guru Nanak's hymns called?

Answer 41

Shabad

Question 42

What is the Sikh community prayer gathering called?

Answer 42

Sangat

Question 43

Who compiled the Adi Granth Sahib?

Answer 43

Guru Arjan

Question 44

Who created the Khalsa Panth?

Answer 44

Guru Gobind Singh

Question 45

Which five symbols define the Khalsa identity?

Answer 45

Uncut hair, dagger, shorts, comb, steel bangle

Question 46

Which female Bhakti poet treated Krishna as her divine lover?

Answer 46

Mirabai

Question 47

Who was Mirabai’s guru, according to tradition?

Answer 47

Raidas

Question 48

What term describes the sayings of Lingayat saints?

Answer 48

Vachanas

Question 49

Which text explains Sufi concepts and was written by Al Hujwiri?

Answer 49

Kashf-ul-Mahjub

Question 50

What are Sufi conversations called?

Answer 50

Malfuzat

Question 51

What are letters of Sufi saints called?

Answer 51

Maktubat

Question 52

What are biographical accounts of Sufi saints called?

Answer 52

Tazkiras