Themes II - Chapter 4

Question 1

Who wrote the Ain-i Akbari?

Answer 1

Abu’l Fazl

Question 2

Which ruler commissioned the Ain-i Akbari?

Answer 2

Akbar

Question 3

What was the primary source of income for the Mughal state?

Answer 3

Agriculture

Question 4

What term was used for peasants in Indo-Persian texts?

Answer 4

Raiyat or muzarian

Question 5

What is the term for resident peasants?

Answer 5

Khud-kashta

Question 6

What is the term for non-resident peasants?

Answer 6

Pahi-kashta

Question 7

What is do-fasla agriculture?

Answer 7

Two crops grown annually

Question 8

What was the term used for high-value crops like cotton and sugarcane?

Answer 8

Jins-i Kamil

Question 9

Who noted the mobility of Indian peasants in his memoirs?

Answer 9

Babur

Question 10

Which regions required artificial irrigation for crops?

Answer 10

Regions with less than 40 inches of rainfall

Question 11

What was the common irrigation device in northern India?

Answer 11

Persian wheel

Question 12

What type of plough was common among peasants?

Answer 12

Wooden plough with iron tip

Question 13

Which two cropping seasons were common in Mughal India?

Answer 13

Kharif and Rabi

Question 14

Which crop was introduced to India in the 17th century from the New World?

Answer 14

Maize

Question 15

What term described village-level self-governance?

Answer 15

Panchayat

Question 16

Who headed the panchayat?

Answer 16

Muqaddam or mandal

Question 17

What were the funds of the panchayat used for?

Answer 17

Welfare, public works, and administrative hospitality

Question 18

What term refers to hereditary land given to artisans?

Answer 18

Miras or watan

Question 19

What system describes the patron-client relationship in village economy?

Answer 19

Jajmani system

Question 20

What was the status of women in agrarian society?

Answer 20

Active in farming and artisanal work

Question 21

What term was used for forest dwellers in Mughal texts?

Answer 21

Jangli

Question 22

What activity did forest dwellers do during spring?

Answer 22

Collect forest produce

Question 23

What was the purpose of state hunting expeditions?

Answer 23

Symbolic justice and interaction with subjects

Question 24

What was peshkash?

Answer 24

Tribute from forest people, often elephants

Question 25

Which tribe had armies in Assam?

Answer 25

Ahoms

Question 26

What term was used for zamindar's private land?

Answer 26

Milkiyat

Question 27

What services did zamindars perform for the state?

Answer 27

Revenue collection and military support

Question 28

What was a sanad in Mughal administration?

Answer 28

An imperial order confirming rights

Question 29

What was the administrative unit under a suba?

Answer 29

Sarkar

Question 30

What was the official responsible for land measurement?

Answer 30

Amin

Question 31

What were the types of land in Akbar’s classification?

Answer 31

Polaj, Parauti, Chachar, Banjar

Question 32

What was the cash revenue called?

Answer 32

Naqdi

Question 33

What were the systems of revenue collection in kind?

Answer 33

Kankut, Batai, Khet-batai, Lang-batai

Question 34

What was the term for assessed revenue?

Answer 34

Jama

Question 35

What was the actual revenue collected called?

Answer 35

Hasil

Question 36

What system paid officials through land assignments?

Answer 36

Jagirdari

Question 37

What was the term for the revenue office?

Answer 37

Daftar

Question 38

Which emperor promoted land measurement in 1665?

Answer 38

Aurangzeb

Question 39

What was the Mughal coin made of silver called?

Answer 39

Rupya

Question 40

Which European traveler documented India's wealth in silver?

Answer 40

Giovanni Careri

Question 41

Which empire's demand for Indian goods brought silver into India?

Answer 41

Mughal Empire

Question 42

How many books are in the Ain-i Akbari?

Answer 42

Five

Question 43

What is the third book of the Ain focused on?

Answer 43

Fiscal system (Mulk-abadi)

Question 44

Which book of the Ain described the military and civil setup?

Answer 44

Second (Sipah-abadi)

Question 45

What does the Ain include besides fiscal data?

Answer 45

Court culture, administration, biographies

Question 46

What was the role of the mansabdars?

Answer 46

Civil and military administration

Question 47

Who were the paiks in Assam?

Answer 47

People offering military service for land

Question 48

Which regions did forest clearance promote settlements?

Answer 48

Eastern India and Bengal

Question 49

What were the trading items between hill tribes and plains?

Answer 49

Gold, musk, wax, cloth, glassware

Question 50

What were tribal chiefs who became kings required to build?

Answer 50

Armies