Theories

Question 1

Leadership Theories

Answer 1

1. Hersey-Blanchard
2. Fiedler
3. Tannenbaum Schmidt
4. John Adair

Question 2

Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership

Management and leadership theories

Answer 2

Suggests no leadership style is better than another
* Managers adapt their leadership style to tasks and relationships in the workplace
* The models leadership styles are related directly to employees different maturity levels
Delegating Style: low task, low relationship = high maturity
The leader allows the group to take responsibility for task decisions
Participating Style: low task, high relationship = moderate high maturity
Emphasises shared ideas and decisions - for those who are experienced but may lack the confidence to do the tasks assigned
Selling style: high task, high relationship = moderate low maturity
The leader attempts to sell their ideas to the group by explaining task directions in a persuasive manner - for those who have the ability but are unwilling to do the job
Telling style: high task, low relationship = low maturity
The leader gives explicit directions and supervises work closely

Question 3

Fiedler’s Contingency Model

Management and leadership theories

Answer 3

There is no correct style of leadership
* The right leader must be chosen for each job based on their skill set and the requirements of the situation
* Fiedler uses the LPC model to identify whether you are task or relationship focused

Question 4

The Tannenbaum Schmidt Continuum (TSC)

Management and leadership theories

Answer 4

• The Tannenbaum-Shmidt Continuum shows where a manager’s approach lies on a continuum (line)
• From the manager showing rigid authority at one extreme (very controlling) through to the team having full freedom to act at the other (letting them do what they want)
• Recognises that leaders are unlikely to be on either extremes of the line

Question 5

John Adair’s Action-Centred Leadership

Management and leadership theories

Answer 5

Leadership should be defined by what leaders do
* Leaders need a balance of 3 elements: Task, Team, Individual

Leaders have 8 functions:
1. Defining the task
2. Planning
3. Briefing the team
4. Controlling
5. Evaluating
6. Motivating
7. Organising
8. Setting an example

Question 6

Motivation Theories

Answer 6

1. Maslow
2. Herzberg
3. Taylor
4. Mayo

Question 7

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Theories of motivation

Answer 7

Employees must satisfy their basic needs first before they can move onto the next level.

By helping employees meet important needs at work, employers are able to create and support a highly motivated and happy workforce that will be very productive.

Question 8

Herzberg’s Two Factors

Theories of motivation

Question 9

Taylor’s Scientific Management

Theories of motivation

Question 10

Mayo’s Theory

Theories of motivation