Theories

Question 1

Learning

Answer 1

Process of acquiring new understanding skills attitudes and preferences

Question 2

Classical conditioning list

Answer 2

Unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned response
Neutral stimulus
Conditioned stimulus
Conditioned response

Question 3

Unconditioned stimulus

Answer 3

Naturally triggers an unconditioned response (reflex)

Automatically make you react
I.e Chris shout

Question 4

Unconditioned response

Answer 4

Natural response to unconditioned stimulus

The automatic reaction we make to an unconditioned stimulus
I.e we flinch when Chris shouts

Question 5

Neutral stimulus

Answer 5

Doest trigger a response

Question 6

Conditioned stimulus

Answer 6

Neutral stimulus paired with unconditioned stimulus

Something you learn to react to because it’s linked to something else
I.e phone rings

Question 7

Conditioned response

Answer 7

Response to conditioned stimulus

The learnt response due to past experience
I.e Picks up phone when rings

Question 8

Extinction

Answer 8

Cs + ucs = not paired for a while Cs nolonger triggers CR

Question 9

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 9

Extinct response reappear with out new pairing with ucs

Weaker than original CR

Question 10

Stimulus generalisation

Answer 10

Conditioned response to one object is generalised to every similar object

Question 11

Operant conditioning list

Answer 11

Positive reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative reinforcement
Negative punishment
Primary reinforcer
Secondary reinforcer

Question 12

Positive punishment
Positive reinforcement

Answer 12

Add something nice to decrease behaviour
Add something nice to increase behaviour

Question 13

Negative punishment
Negative reinforcement

Answer 13

Remove something good to decrease behaviour
Remove something bad to increase behaviour

Question 14

Primary reinforcer

Answer 14

Rewarding due to biological significance
Sex food water

Question 15

Secondary reinforcer

Answer 15

Helps you get primary reinforcer
Money = helps you get food

Question 16

What does classical conditioning sugget

Answer 16

Focus on automatic behaviours

Question 17

What does operant conditioning suggest

Answer 17

Applying punishment or reinforcement could strengthen or weaken voluntary behaviour

Question 18

Schedules of reinforcement list

Answer 18

Fixed ratio reinforcement
Variable ratio reinforcement
Fixed interval reinforcement
Variable nterval reinforcement
Step for behaviour modifications
Successive approximation

Question 19

Fixed ratio reinforcement

Answer 19

Get rewar after set number of actions

Question 20

Variable ratio reinforcement

Answer 20

Don’t know how many actions before you get reward I.e gambling

Question 21

Fixed interval reinforcement

Answer 21

You have a certain time period do something before you get rewarded I.e last minute homework

Question 22

Variable interval reinforcement

Answer 22

You don’t know how much time you have to wait before you get rewarded
For example fishing you don’t know how long you have to wait till you get a bite

Question 23

Behaviour modifications

Answer 23

If someone does something you like for the first time you reward it every single time at the beginning

Question 24

Successive approximations

Answer 24

Teach someone a simple behaviour and you reinforce it more and more till you get the target behaviour
I.e come to lesson good job
Do homework great

Question 25

Social learning theory list

Answer 25

Observation Imitation Attention Retention Reproduction Motivation- vicarious reinforcement

Question 26

Observation

Answer 26

Learn via looking at other ppl

Question 27

Imitation

Answer 27

Once you learn behaviour you display it in appropriate circumstance

Question 28

Attention (2)

Answer 28

Pay attention to behaviour of role model And why are they a role model

Question 29

Retention ( 2)

Answer 29

Remember observed behavior How is memory formed - maintenaned rehearsal

Question 30

Reproduction

Answer 30

Behaviour is replicated in appropriate situations

Question 31

Motivation (2)

Answer 31

Vicarious reinforcement Wanna see how ur model is treated for behaving that way

Question 32

What does social learning theory suggest

Answer 32

We learn via imitation of others

Question 33

Explain the acquisition and maintenance of phobia

Answer 33

Social learning theory is a good explanation for how phobias are acquired Operant conditioning is good for maintenance- first we avoid fear then we feel relieved which gives us negative reinforcement which then encourages you more to avoid fear

Question 34

Classical conditioning Operant conditioning Social learning theory

Answer 34

Automatic- pavlov Voluntary- skinner Imitate- bandura

Question 35

What are the two treatments for phobias

Answer 35

Systematic desensitisation Flooding

Question 36

Goal/Steps for systematic desensitisation

Answer 36

Decrease fear towards a phobic object over time Step 1: discuss the logic of fear with therapist and possible triggers Step 2: create fear hierarchy Step 3: teach them how to cope with fear via relaxation Step 4: go up hierarchy and apply relaxation each level Step 5: over time when exposed to increasing levels they learn to calm themselves

Question 37

Fear hierarchy

Answer 37

Creates hierarchy of fear Froml least fearful scenario to high fearful scenario

Question 38

What are the relaxation techniques

Answer 38

Muscle relaxation: relax tense muscle Deep breathing Meditation

Question 39

Flooding

Answer 39

Show worst feat then prove its not that's bad No step by step build up Fear removed Via EXTINCTION ( MOST SAY)

Question 40

Flooding - extinction (5)

Answer 40

Consent from patient to prevent them from leaving Fear Expose patient - no escape? Patient learns nothing bad happens ( example) Chill out Fear goes away via extinction

Question 41

Give 2 difference between flooding and systematic desensitisation

Answer 41

No /Fear hierarchy Most intense throughout/ least intense first You learn to calm down by urself realising its not that's bad / you calm down by being taught relation technquies