theories Flashcards
(12 cards)
1
Q
what is structural theory
A
political outcomes are shaped by institutions, processes and formal structures
2
Q
application of structural theory in politics
A
- used to explain differences between politics systems
- examines constitutions, legislatures and executive power
- determines how laws are made and how power is distributed
3
Q
examples of structural theory
A
- the US has a codified constitution with entrenched rights, whereas the UK as a flexible, uncodified constitution
- the separation of powers limits executive (presidential dominance), unlike the UK where parliament dominates due to fusion of powers where the prime minister is taken from the legislature (parliament)
4
Q
criticisms of structural theory
A
- overlooks individual agency (decisions made by voters and politicians) and cultural influences (ignores cultural norms, traditions and shared values)
5
Q
A
6
Q
A
7
Q
examples of rational theory
A
- voters select candidates who best serve their interests
- e.g. Reagan’s 1980 debate question: “Are you better off today than you were four years ago?”
- US legislators focus on ‘pork-barrel’ politics (gov funds towards projects that benefit constituents) to win re-election
8
Q
criticisms of rational theory
A
- assumes people are always rational, but emotions and misinformation influence decisions
- e.g. voters may support policies that harm their own interests due to emotional appeals or misinformation
- e.g. 2016 false claims that Hillary Clinton was running a child-trafficking ring (pizzagate) spread online
9
Q
what is cultural theory
A
political behaviour is shaped by traditions and societal norms
10
Q
cultural theory in politics
A
- used to analyse political party ideologies, voting behaviour
- examines how history, ideology and identity influence politics
11
Q
examples of cultural theory
A
- Cities like New York, San Francisco and Chicago tend to vote democrat due to diversity and progressive social values
- Areas in the ‘Deep South’ are historically conservative due to traditions about religion and opposition to federal intervention. This has made it a republican stronghold
12
Q
criticisms of cultural theory
A
- hard to separate rational self interest
e.g. working class workers in the US south may support republicans due to culture (guns and religion) but also may vote cus of economics such as tax-cuts - culture itself can be influenced by elites
