theories Flashcards
(23 cards)
Bowlbys theory of ATTATCHMENT
-babies need to form 1 main attachment (monotropy) by 1 year (critical period)
-parenting
-distress when separated
-children psychologically damaged bc of absence of mam.
internal working models definition
(bowlbys attachment theory)
strong attachments are important to develop view of themselves in relation to others.
-this provides children with expectations about themselves
how can early years prevent separation anxiety?
(bowlbys attachment theory)
-home visits
-parents come to nursery/primary until child has ability to be there without them
-transition days nursery - primary
-half days
criticisms of bowlbys attachment theory
-attatchments to more than 1 person not explored
-qual of care given to children not considered
Bandura’s social learning theory
-children learn by observation of behavior + consequences of others
-bodo doll experiment (child watches adult punch doll, copies)
-learning=cog process, takes place in social setting.
meaning of reciprocal determinisms
(bandoras social learning theory)
cognition, behavior + environment all influence eachother
skinner’s operant conditioning theory
-positive reinforcement (repeating behavior for reward)
-praise/rewards
-immediate praise
-consequence= decrease behavior, reward= increase behaviour
Vygotsky’s constructivist/social learning theory
-social interactions with adults + children is essential for cog + lang dev.
-zone of proximal development
-zone of actual development
-children learn from others
-lang=important for cog dev
-thought + lang separate until age 3.
zone of proximal development (Vygotsky’s theory)
examples of support
what child can do WITH support.
SUPPORT:
-one to one teacher/peer
-scaffolding
-modelling answer
-questioning
zone of actual development (Vygotsky’s theory)
what they can do themselves
can see this through observation + assessment’s.
Chomsky
-LAD (Lang acquisition device):
-learn vocab through lang rich environments + absorbing lang heard.
-children have innate ability to learn lang
Piaget’s cognitive stages that he believes children pass through to acquire the ability to think + reason logically
SENSORIMOTOR (0-2yrs):
-explore with senses to learn abt world + environment + dev early schemas (concepts) from this
PRE-OPERATIONAL (2-7yrs):
-begin to control environment using symbolic behavior eg words, drawings, pretend play
-cant think logically
CONCRETE OPERATIONS (7-11yrs):
-use practical resources to understand world eg counters for maths
-use logic to understand what they see.
FORMAL OPERATIONS (8-12yrs):
-problem solving
-abstract thoughts
Piagets Constructivist theory of cognitive development
children progress through diff stages as they acquire the ability to think and reason logically.
Piaget’s Schema
(one of his concepts)
SCHEMA: repeated action to create mental structure + interpret the world.
4 stages of schema dev:
-assimilation, equilibrium, disequilibrium, accommodation.
-active learners
-range of experiences
-link activities to real life/past experiences
-provide opportunities to repeat key concepts
-ask open ended questions
what are Browns 5 stages of language development
1: 15-30 months, join 2 words (telepathic speech) eg ‘teddy gone’.
2: 28-36 months, naming objects, ing verbs eg ‘jumping’, s plurals, ‘on’, ‘in’.
3: 36-42 months, past tense, possessives eg ‘mummy’s car’
4: 40-46 months, regular past tense, using articles eg ‘a’ ‘the’
5: 42-52+ months, 3rd person irregular eg ‘he does’, complex sentences with more contractions eg ‘we’ve’
Browns 5 stages of lang development theory
-study of speech of children
-used formula of mean length of utterances (MLU) and morphemes (units of grammar)
-errors of tense used in early stages but word order (grammar) was correct
-sentence lengths + inclusion of morphemes increased with age.
4 suppositions of Piagets constructivist theory
children:
-are active learners
- think diff from adults
-construct their own meanings from experiences + environment
-lang depends on dev of thought (cognition before lang)
Bruners theory of language development
-based on concept of spiral curriculum.
(children can be helped to dev new ideas at basic levels)
-lang acquisition support system (LASS)
-scaffolding learning
-learn by encoding info
scaffolding learning
(bruners theory)
examples of how to use scaffolding
-supporting children in their learning to help them reach next level of cog + lang dev.
eg:
-simplifying lang
-motivating children
-modelling lang
what 3 things did bruner observe from the language acquisition support system (LASS)
-children need social interactions to develop cog + lang skills
-lang rich environment is essential for lang dev
-adults facilitate lang acquisition through scaffolding
meaning of enactive, iconic + symbolic representation in BRUNERS theory of lang dev.
enactive: learning through physical actions
iconic: image based learning (pictures alongside words)
symbolic: using symbols to represent ideas.
meaning of social and private speech in vygotskys theory
social speech: children communicate with others
private speech: talking to themselves, helps thought process.
Chomskys language acquisiton device (LAD)
what it is + its 4 key features
-hypothetical part of human mind that allows infants to acquire + produce language.
4 KEY FEATURES:
-children born with structure in brain that allows them to acquire lang.
-critical period for lang dev in first years
-lang dev part of maturation process so becomes more complex
-children have innate understanding of structure of lang
