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childcare > unit 1 booklet > Flashcards

unit 1 booklet Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

growth

A

increase in size, length, height + weight or the changes across diff parts of the body

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2
Q

development

A

acquisition of skills + abilities

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3
Q

fine motor skills

A

small movements requiring small muscles. such as fingers, hands, feet.

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4
Q

gross motor skills

A

large movements requiring large muscles. eg running, jumping.

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5
Q

fine motor skills for each age group:
birth, 3months, 6months, 12months, 18months, 2 years

A

birth: grasp adult fingers
3months: hold rattle
6months: grasp toy + hold in other hand
12months: pick up small objects
18months: make marks with crayons with palmer grip
2 years: put shoes on, control crayon

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6
Q

gross motor skills for each age group:
6months, 18 months, 2 years, 3 years

A

6months: use neck + back to sit, roll, crawl
18months: use leg muscles to climb onto low furniture
2years: kick a ball
3 years: balance + wall along line, hop on 1 foot.

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7
Q

physical development

A

growth + maturation of body, physical structure + motor skills.
-gross + fine motor skills
-balance + coordination
-growth + size
-sleep patterns

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8
Q

cognitive/intellectual development

A

how a child’s thinking, learning + understanding of world develops.
-problem solving
-understanding numbers + quantities
-concepts eg time
-memory + recall
-object permanence

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9
Q

emotional development

A

how a person learns to experience, express, understand + regulate their emotions.
-sense of right + wrong
-tantrums
-empathy

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10
Q

social development

A

learning of skills, attitudes + behaviors needed to interact + function in society.
-relationships
-understanding social cues eg facial expressions, gestures

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11
Q

communication + language development

A

ability to understand + use language to communicate.
-grammar
-pronunciation
-simple/complex sentences

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12
Q

percentile charts

A

-track child’s growth over time
-compares it to other children of same age + gender
-height, weight, head circumference
-50th=average

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13
Q

what is body mass index (BMI)

A

what your weight should be based off your height

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14
Q

nature

A

genetic factors that influence a child’s development such as their physical traits + personality

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15
Q

examples of nature factors

A

-eye/hair colour
-weight
-height
-blood type

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16
Q

nurture

A

the environment and experiences a child is brought up with that can affect their development

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17
Q

examples of nurture factors

A

-ability to read/write (eg brought up to read books)
-ability to talk/communicate
-learning to talk/speak a lang

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18
Q

atypical development

A

they fall outside of what the ‘norm’ is classed as for their age for ONE type of development

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19
Q

delayed global development

A

they fall outside what is seen as the ‘norm’ for many types of development

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20
Q

gifted

A

-ahead of the ‘norm’ for their age in intellectual dev
-smart in particular subject area

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21
Q

talented

A

high ability in a skill

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22
Q

examples of atypical behavior for social + emotional dev, cognitive dev & lang + communication dev.

A

SOCIAL + EMOTIONAL:
-not being able to express emotions properly
-children who don’t interact with groups
COGNITIVE:
-not understanding reasoning for something
COMMUNICATION + LANG:
-not being able to speak many words at specific age

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23
Q

how to recognize atypical development

A

-observe children’s behavior, physical abilities, overall development - compare to milestones

-look for delays in fine + gross motor skills

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24
Q

physical development:
what a child can do from 1 up to 5 years old

Study These Flashcards
A

1yr: crawl, grasp with pincer grip
2yr: running, FMS improved (can stack)
3yr: tricycle riding, drawing, using scissors
4yr: more control over writing, advanced motor skills
5yr: independent eating, detailed drawing/writing

25
communication + lang development: what a child can do from 1 up to 5 years old
1yr: first words 2yr: 2 word sentences, basic questions 3yr: expand vocab, basic grammar 4yr: convo engagement, clear speech, use of tenses 5yr: 2000+ words, detailed story telling
26
cognitive + intellectual development: what a child can do from 1 up to 5 years old
1yr: object permanence, simple problem solving 2yr: memory develops, symbolic thinking (pretend play) 3yr: understand concepts/size 4yr: understand categories/rules 5yr: role play, memory + retention
27
social + emotional development: what a child can do from 1 year up to 5 years old
1yr: attachment to caregivers 2yr: tantrums 3yr: form friendships 4yr: cooperation with peers 5yr: independence
28
neurological development
the development of the brain
29
neuroscience
the study of the brain + how it works
30
neuron
a nerve cell (transmits nerve impulses)
31
neuron process
stimulus (what causes reaction eg hot pan) receptor (heat from pan) sensory neurone relay neurone motor neurone effector (realising it hurts) response (moving hand away) (muscles contract)
32
axon (neuron)
-joins cell body at the axon hillock -long, tail like structure -insulated with myelin (fatty substance) (helps conduct electric signal)
33
what does the axon terminal (end) do (neuron)
terminal branches change electrical impulses into chemical messages in the form of neurotransmitters. -these are released from the terminal branches into synapses to relay messages to other neurons/cells.
34
dendrite (neuron)
-fibrous roots branching out the cell body -recieve + process signals from axons/other neurons -dendric trees=more than 1 set of dendrites
35
myelin sheath (neuron)
-insulating layer/sheath that forms around nerves -made of protein + fatty substances -allows electrical impulses to transmit signals quickly along nerve cells. -damaged myelin=slow impulses
36
synapse (neuron)
space between the axon of 1 neuron + dendrite of another (between start + end of neurons) -2 neurons communicate through synapses
37
myelination process (neuron)
process of axons being coated with myelin to prevent electrical pulses staying
38
why is myelination important? (neuron)
improves speed of connections in brain which allows smoother movement + faster thinking
39
what are neural pathways
bundle of axons that connect 2 or more different neurons, making communication easier between them
40
why are neural pathways important?
-allow signals to move faster in brain -create our memories -enable us to learn
41
what are the needs in maslows hierarchy of needs
Top needs: self actualisation (achieving full potential) esteem needs (confidence) belongingness + love needs (relationships) safety needs (security) Bottom needs: physiological needs (food water shelter)
42
what does mallows hierarchy of needs suggest?
individuals are motivated to fulfill their basic needs before moving onto higher level needs.
43
activities to promote physical development for: birth-3yrs, 3-5yrs, 5-8yrs
birth-3yrs: play gym, tummy time, shape sorters 3-5yrs: throwing + catching, scooters, bikes, colouring 5-8yrs: obstacle course, hop scotch, balancing
44
gestation
the period of time between conception and birth (normally 40 weeks)
45
reflexes
automatic movements that occur without conscious thought
46
4 types of reflexes
-rooting reflex (looking for food) -stepping reflex -palmer grasp reflex -moro reflex (crying to communicate)
47
mouthing
exploring items by putting them in the mouth
48
fine motor development for ages: 0-3 months 3 months 6 months 9 months 12 months 15 months
0-3: reflexes eg sucking, rooting, moro 3: hold rattle for moment, plays with fingers 6: reach for toy, objects in mouth 9: drop objects deliberately 12: point to things with index finger, pincer grasp to pick things up 15: grasp crayons with palmar grip, pick up small objects
49
gross motor development for ages: 3 months 6 months 9 months 12 months 15 months
3: lifts head + chest up 6: roll over 9: sit unsupported, mobile (crawling or rolling) 12: walk by holding onto furniture or without help 15: crawl upstairs, walk with hesitation
50
gross motor development for ages: 3-4 years 4-5 years 5-8 years
3-4: hop on 1 foot 4-5: throw + catch large ball 5-8: use bicycle, chase + dodge others
51
fine motor development for ages: 3-4 years 4-5 years 5-8 years
3-4: buttons + unbuttons own clothing 4-5: writes own name 5-8: ties + unties shoelaces
52
self concept
-overall idea/image you have of yourself -includes beliefs about your personality, roles, values
53
ideal self
goals, values + qualities you wish to develop (who you aspire to be)
54
self esteem
how much you value/feel confident about yourself
55
self image/identity
how you see yourself (physical appearance + abilities)
56
indiscriminate attachments
when babies + children respond equally to anyone interacting with them + don't seem to have formed a special relationship with anyone in particular
57
multiple attachments
babies/children have multiple attachments to other people
58
specific attachments
baby/child shows particular preference for someone/multiple people

childcare (3 decks)

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