Theories and Models to Know Flashcards
(16 cards)
Describe the organization of government at the state and federal level.
The organization at the state level mimicks that of the federal level. There are three branches; judicial, legislative, and executive.
Describe the life cycle of a policy problem
- Problem Identification
- Scope, Impact, and Cost Assessment
- Community and Political Mobilization
- Policy Response
- Outcome Evaluation
- Repeat
Describe the 4 areas of the health policy triangle
- Context- The occurrences surrounding the policy
- Process- The stages of enacting policy; agenda setting, implementation, evaluation, etc.
- Content- What the policy relates to; accessibility, equity, affordability, etc.
- Actors- The individuals or groups involved, including organizations, institutions, donors, etc.
What are 5 contextual factors in the health policy triangle?
- Situational (Recent events)
- Structural (System organization; demographic composition; economics)
- Cultural (Beliefs and values)
- International (Policies that require coordination across borders)
What is Kingdon’s policy window?
An opening that tends to supersede the other aspects of the policy life cycle and the health policy triangle. Various factors align and the opportunity presents itself for a health policy to succeed
What is the public health system perspective?
The idea that the public health system is composed of multiple, diverse, interconnected elements and often involves multi-level, multidisciplinary engagement and intervention
What are the 3 core functions of public health services?
- Assessment
- Policy Development
- Assurance
What is at the center of the 10 essential public health services?
Equity
What are the 4 types of actors/stakeholders specific to America’s health care system?
- Purchasers and Consumers: Pay directly for providers/services
- Insurers: Take $ from purchasers to pay providers
- Providers: Includes the individuals and institutions that provide services
- Suppliers: Includes pharmaceuticals and services
What is a broad risk pool?
Insurance plans that have a balance of high-risk and low-risk individuals
Describe the 6 main outcomes of health policy.
- Expansion of infrastructure
- Expansion of access
- Cost control and effectiveness
- Public health, safety, and protection
- Health and healthcare research
- Retrenchment/Reduction in access
What is a segmented risk pool?
Insurance plans that do not have a balance of high-risk and low-risk individuals
What is a death spiral in relation to health insurance risk pools?
When the concentration of high-risk individuals requires premiums that are too expensive to attract lower-risk individuals
What is included in the Triple Aim?
- Cost of Care
- Improve Population Health
- Improve Patient Experience
What is included in the Quintuple Aim?
- Cost of Care
- Improve Population Health
- Improve Patient Experience
What are the three cyclical phases of policymaking and what is included in each?
- Policy formulation: Agenda setting and development of legislation
- Policy implementation: Designing, rulemaking, operating, and evaluating procedures
- Policy modification: Revisiting and modifying prior decisions
