Theories of Development

Question 1

When were countries classified into HICs and LICs

Answer 1

1970s

Question 2

What organisation refined the categorisation HICs / LICs

Answer 2

World Bank

Question 3

How many live in moderate poverty today?

Answer 3

2.8billion

Question 4

Living on how much daily classifies you as living in moderate poverty?

Answer 4

$2daily

Question 5

Since when has extreme poverty been decreasing?

Answer 5

since 1980s

Question 6

Since 1980 what has the % in extreme poverty dropped from?

Answer 6

40% to 20%

Question 7

Why is the absolute number in extreme poverty still high?

Answer 7

due to population growth

Question 8

What X3 factors did Todaro classify as development?

Answer 8

• living standards
• social, political and economic policy promoting respect
• freedom and choices

Question 9

When was the Brandt Line devised?

Answer 9

1981

Question 10

Advantage of Brandt Line

Answer 10

simple, easy to interpret

Question 11

When did Malaysia undergo rapid development?

Answer 11

1980s

Question 12

Example of a country in the ‘poor south’ which is one of the world’s leading economies

Answer 12

Singapore

Question 13

Disadvantage of the Brandt line in relation to progress

Answer 13

is outdated

isn’t flexible to allow for development - e.g Malaysia

Question 14

What does the Brandt line use to classify countries?

Answer 14

GDP only

Question 15

When was Rostow’s model devised?

Answer 15

1960s

Question 16

How many countries was Rostow’s model based on?

Answer 16

15 Western countries

Question 17

what does Rostow’s model suggest

Answer 17

all countries have the capacity to break out of the poverty cycle

Question 18

what does Rostow’s model not take into account

Answer 18

non-economic factors

e.g population growth / political changes

Question 19

what does Rostow’s model suggest developed countries should do?

Answer 19

economically assist developing countries

Question 20

What does Rostow’s model presume about all developing countries?

Answer 20

that they will all wish to develop as western countries have done, with high mass consumption and a consumer culture

Question 21

What did Rostow’s model begin with?

Answer 21

Traditional Society (subsistence economy)

Question 22

What does Rostow’s model end with?

Answer 22

High mass consumption

Question 23

Stages of Rostow’s model

Answer 23

Traditional Society 
Preconditions to Take Off 
Take Off 
Drive to Maturity 
High Mass Consumption

Question 24

At what stage in Rostow’s model is external help often received at?

Answer 24

preconditions to take off

Question 25

X2 people who devised core-periphery models

Answer 25

Friedmann and Myrdal

Question 26

What did Myrdal’s model suggest

Answer 26

that spread of benefits from core to periphery is outweighed by backwash effects favouring core

Question 27

What is a limitation of the poverty cycle?

Answer 27

believes development occurs in isolation

e.g ignores loans / global interactions

Question 28

What does the poverty cycle suggest poverty is a product of?

Answer 28

low incomes and lack of capital

Question 29

What is at the heart of the development cable?

Answer 29

economic growth
technology
enterprise

Question 30

What other factors are involved in the development cable?

Answer 30

social
political
environmental
personal

Question 31

What is the development cable dependent on?

Answer 31

the carrying capacity of the cable (strength of its core)

Question 32

What does modernist philosophy say about development?

Answer 32

belief that all nations should develop into western states

Question 33

which model conforms to the modernist philosophy of development?

Answer 33

Rostow’s

Question 34

What does the anti-development movement see development as based on?

Answer 34

material prosperity

Question 35

what does the anti-development movement say the consequences of development are?

Answer 35

• creation of dependency
• undermining of local culture
• environmental unsustainable

Question 36

Who devised the dependency theory?

Answer 36

Frank

Question 37

What does Frank’s dependency theory state?

Answer 37

developed countries control and exploit satellite states

= creation of dominance and dependency