Theories of motor control

Question 1

A set of ideas that explain a phenomenon

Answer 1

A theory

Question 2

How the nervous system produces coordinated movement to successfully perform a variety of motor skills

Answer 2

Motor control theory

Question 3

Planning and execution of coordinated motor skills

Answer 3

Coordinated functional movement

Question 4

Acquisition of skilled movement as a result of practice

Answer 4

Motor learning

Question 5

There is no single solution to a given problem of motor control

Answer 5

Kinematic Redundancy

Question 6

Which theory of motor control relies on Sensory input?

Answer 6

Reflex theory

Question 7

Which theories of motor control rely on CNS input?

Answer 7

Hierarchical
Motor programming theory
Dynamic systems theory

Question 8

A feedback control system as a way for the CNS to control motion

Answer 8

Reflex theory

Question 9

A reflex requires what three structures?

Answer 9

A receptor
A conducting nervous pathway
An effector

Question 10

According to the hierarchical theory, which part of the brain governs the function of the brain?

Answer 10

Frontal cortex

Question 11

What are the areas of the brain according to the hierarchical theory?

Answer 11

Higher
Middle
Lower

Question 12

Motor control emerges from ______ that are nested within ______of the nervous system.

Answer 12

Reflexes

Hierarchically organized levels

Question 13

Higher areas of the brain ____ lower reflex centers.

If there is pathology of the brain, what happens?

Answer 13

Inhibits

Reflexes may reappear.

Question 14

What is the order of postural reflex development?

Answer 14

Primitive-> Righting reactions -> equillibrium reactions

Question 15

In reflex theory, the use of ____ is of primary importance.

Answer 15

Peripheral Feedback

Question 16

In the motor programming model, ___ is of primary importance.

Answer 16

Central control.

Question 17

In the motor programming theory, it is believe that there is a ______ that stores info needed to perform action.

Answer 17

Central memory representation.

Question 18

_____ control synergistic, rhythmic pattern of gait.

Answer 18

CPGs

Question 19

Intensity of a stimulus modulates _____

Answer 19

Speed

Question 20

Reaction time for complex movements is

Answer 20

Longer

Question 21

What 4 samples of evidence led to concept of motor program?

Answer 21

CPG
Deaffrentation studies
Reaction time studies
Feedback processing studies

Question 22

What accounts for the diminished role of peripheral input and the apparent pre-planning for movement

Answer 22

Motor program

Question 23

In feedback processing studies, what happened to muscles when person was told to stop mvmt?

Answer 23

They fired during first 100 milliseconds although no mvmt was taking place.

Question 24

What does feedback processing study show?

Answer 24

The brain is prepared to move due to central processing.

Question 25

The generalized motor program is a representation of

Answer 25

The memory of Broad features of class of actions

Question 26

What are the invariant features of mvmt? How bout parameters of mvmt.

Answer 26

Characteristic of mvment that stays the same. Characteristic of mvmt that makes it specific.

Question 27

A deficiency of the simple motor-program notion, which presumes the need for a vast memory capacity to store separate programming for controlling the nearly infinite number of movements people are able to produce.

Answer 27

Storage problem

Question 28

A deficiency of the simple motor-program notion, which presumes that people are unable to produce novel movements or unpracticed variations of learned movements because they have not developed specific motor programs for producing them.

Answer 28

Novelty problem

Question 29

The components of a control system that can very independently and that are controlled to produce effective action.;The degree to which we are able to unconsciously adapt a motor program to fit with the environment

Answer 29

Degree of freedom

Question 30

Mvmt. With same order of contractions and same firing rations have

Answer 30

Same temporal structure and are assumed to be produced by same motor program.

Question 31

What are the similarities and differences between a walking and running motor program?

Answer 31

They have the same order of firing but parameters are added to change speed. Shows how we store broad aspects of a program

Question 32

Relative force produced by each muscle remains

Answer 32

Proportional

Question 33

What are the invariant features of mvmt?

Answer 33

Spatial order of components Relative Force Temporal Structure or phasing

Question 34

What are examples of some mvmt parameters?

Answer 34

Overall duration Overall force Muscle selection Movement direction

Question 35

Who came up with the systems theory?

Answer 35

Nicholas Bernstein (Distributed model of control)

Question 36

What is the systems theory?

Answer 36

Mvmts not driven peripherally or centrally but emerge as result of interaction of systems

Question 37

Each part of a system contributes to ______ in a movemnt.

Answer 37

Different aspects of control

Question 38

Complex systems exhibit a

Answer 38

Self-organizing principle

Question 39

What acts to reorganize a system>?

Answer 39

Control parameters

Question 40

Predicts discrete changes in behavior resulting from changes in dynamics of movemtn system.

Answer 40

Dynamical action model.

Question 41

___ influences what happens as velocity increases (example) What is this known as?

Answer 41

Biomechanical factors. (speed of finger tapping) | Known as a control factor

Question 42

The best way to learn an activity is to practice that activity.

Answer 42

Task-oriented approach

Question 43

What concepts does the task oriented approach draw from?

Answer 43

Dynamic systems. Try to develop part of brain that puts everything into context.

Question 44

who proposed feedback control system as way for CNS to control limb motion? which theory is this?

Answer 44

Sir charles Sherrington reflex theory

Question 45

Who proposed brain has higher, middle, lower areas? what theory is this

Answer 45

Hughlings Jackson Hierarchical theory

Question 46

Who influenced Neural developmental treatment?

Answer 46

Karl and Bertha BOBATH

Question 47

Who influenced PNF

Answer 47

KABAT/KNOTT/VOSS

Question 48

who ran reaction time studies?

Answer 48

Henry and Rodgers

Question 49

In CPGs, how did intensity of stimulus modulate speed?

Answer 49

weak stimulation produced walking gait stronger stimulation produced trotting strongest stimulation produced gallop

Question 50

who cut dorsal roots of SC in monkeys? for what

Answer 50

Taub and biz deafferentation studies that eliminated afferent input

Question 51

Control the synergistic, rhythmic pattern of gait, which are innate and built into the architecture of the spinal cord

Answer 51

CPG

Question 52

we learn the spatial order of the movement, how far we need to move in space to create a motor program

Answer 52

Order of the movement components