Theories of Perception

Question 1

Core Principle of Gestalt Approach

Answer 1

We perceive the whole, before perceiving its individual parts. Perception is an active process.

Question 2

Core Principle of Gibsons Ecological Approach

Answer 2

Perception starts with immediate sensory input. Visual perception is immediate and direct.

Question 3

Core Principle of Marr’s Computational Approach

Answer 3

Perception is built from incoming sensory data, constructed step-by-step from basic visual features to complex 3D representations

Question 4

According to Marr, Perception should be understood at what 3 levels:

Answer 4

1. Computational level: the goal of the visual system.
2. Algorithmic level: steps taken to achieve goal.
3. Implementation level: how does the brain perceive (neural processes)

Question 5

Core Principle of the Constructivist Approach

Answer 5

Sensory information is insufficient and ambiguous. The brain must combine sensory data with prior knowledge and expectations

Question 6

Gestalt Approach - What type of processing?

Answer 6

BOTH

• Top-down: The concept “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts”
• Bottom-up: Gestalt principles are automatic organisational processes which operate without prior knowledge.

Question 7

Marr’s Approach - What type of processing?

Answer 7

• Purely Bottom-up

It begins with raw sensory input and builds to something more complex.

Question 8

Gibsons Ecological Approach - What type of processing?

Answer 8

• Purely Bottom-up

All necessary information is available in the environment (Ambient Optic Array)

Question 9

Constructivist Approach - What type of processing?

Answer 9

BOTH

• Top-down: emphasis on prior knowledge and expectations.
• Bottom-up: it acknowledges perception begins with sensory input.