Theories related to Aging Flashcards
Progeria
Premature aging makes young children look like older men and women
What are the biological theories?
- Programmed Theories
- Wear and Tear theories
- Cellular theory
- Nutritional model theory
Species Maximum Lifespan
Lifespan varies in different animal species
Predictors of aging?
- Species Maximum Lifespan: lifespan varies in different animal species
- Twins: both live about the same age
- Parent’s age: mother’s longevity is a better predictor
Wear and Tear theories
environmental assaults make things go wrong gradually
Cellular theory
cell function debilitates with age (necrosis and apoptosis)
Nutritional model theory
If animals were fed 50-60% less energy, they would live longer and be healthier; reflects on people getting older, and what their past is like- not eating healthy effects comorbidity and increases chances of dysphagia
What are the biochemical theories/processes?
- Free Radical theory: oxidation causes aging.
- Autoimmune theory: malfunctioning body cells begin to attack healthy cells
- DNA and Genetic theories: DNA is programmed with a lifespan and cells act likewise
- Telomerase theory: telomeres hold some aging information
- Neuroendocrine theory: hormonal alterations occur
Free Radical theory
oxidation causes aging.
Autoimmune theory
malfunctioning body cells begin to attack healthy cells
DNA and Genetic theories
DNA is programmed with a lifespan and cells act likewise
Telomerase theory
telomeres hold some aging information
Neuroendocrine theory
hormonal alterations occur
What are the social theories?
- Some people age more successfully than others
1. Role theory: adaptation to role changes
2. Activity theory: more activity in middle ages predicts better later adjustment and satisfaction
3. Disengagement theory: belief that withdrawal from active roles is conducive to satisfaction in old age and beneficial to society
4. Social Exchange theory: individuals and groups act to maximize benefits and minimize costs
Role theory
adaptation to role changes
Activity theory
more activity in middle ages predicts better later adjustment and satisfaction
Disengagement theory
belief that withdrawal from active roles is conducive to satisfaction in old age and beneficial to society
Social exchange theory
individuals and groups act to maximize benefits and minimize costs
What changes about swallow with aging?
Different about structure: lower hyoid bc of muscle atrophy (at rest hyoid is lower)
Osteoporsis of mandible and of cervical vertebrae
Facial dropping- muscles sag– larynx will not close completely bc muscle will atrophy
Postural changes- cervical spine curveture- hyposcoloiosis, c-spine (cant do compensatory technqiues in dysphagia)
Change in dentition- no teeth, problems in chewing
Vocal folds thinner- atrophy ( males F0 goes up, females F0 goes down)
Increased oral mastication time/chewing strokes
Ossification of thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage and hyoid bone giving structures a more prominent appearances during fluoroscopy.
Lowering of the larynx in the neck
Increased chances of cervical arthritis causing osteophytes
Reduced pharyngeal contraction causing increased number of swallows per bolus to clear residue
More frequent ‘dipper’ tongue position vs. ‘tipper’ tongue position
Longer oral swallow stage
Pharyngeal swallow trigger delay-
More frequent penetration but no increase in aspiration
Slower and less efficient esophageal transit
Reduced vertical hyolaryngeal movement indicating reduced neuromuscular reserve
Reduced flexibility of CP opening
PRESBYPHAGIA
use this term when u are confident that it is just due to aging
At 80 y/0 and its penetrating and aspiration consistently- not normal aging, don’t use this term
