Theorists

Question 1

Steve Neale’s theory?

Answer 1

Genre Theory. Genres repeat themselves in order to secure success, as they have worked with previous work. Need new hybrids of genre and uniqueness

Question 2

Example of repeated genres?

Answer 2

Character motifs (crime dramas have anti hero main characters)

Question 3

What is genre hybridity?

Answer 3

Intertwining conventions of different genres, creates nostalgia, includes lots of shifts in emotion

Question 4

What are the categories of theorists?

Answer 4

Representation, Audience, Industry and Media Language

Question 5

Roland Barthes theory?

Answer 5

Semiotics - what is in front of the camera

Question 6

What is naturalisation according to Barthes?

Answer 6

Viewpoints are made to feel like they’re common sense, when they’re actually constructed

Question 7

Examples of semiotics?

Answer 7

Mise-en-scene, lighting, setting, body language, positioning, camera angles

Question 8

Myths according to Barthes?

Answer 8

Mode of signification, language takes over reality and influences behaviour

Question 9

Claude Levi-Strauss’ theory?

Answer 9

Binary Opposites, we can’t understand something without its opposite

Question 10

Function of binary opposites?

Answer 10

Clearly explain this, creates compelling stories, creates identifiable characters

Question 11

Tzvetan Todorov’s theory?

Answer 11

The ideal linear narrative consists of the pattern equilibrium, dis-equilibrium and then new equilibrium

Question 12

Who influenced Todorov’s theory?

Answer 12

Vladmir Propp’s list of character types

Question 13

Jean Baudrillard’s theory?

Answer 13

Postmodernism and hyperreality

Question 14

What is hyperreality?

Answer 14

The inability to distinguish between real and fake

Question 15

Paul Gilroy’s theory?

Answer 15

Post-colonialism - the after effect of a person or place being colonised

Question 16

Key words relating to Paul Gilroy?

Answer 16

Diaspora (spreading of people from homeland) Otherness (making someone not part of society)

Question 17

What is Albionic Englishness?

Answer 17

Ideal Englishness culture

Question 18

What is liquidity of culture?

Answer 18

When a colonised people brings their culture and heritage with overseas

Question 19

Curran and Seaton’s theory?

Answer 19

Most media industries are dominated by a small amount of companies forming an oligopoly

Question 20

What does an oligopoly create?

Answer 20

Lack of diversity in the media, power and profit for the companies dominating

Question 21

Livingstone and Lunt theory?

Answer 21

Regulation theory. UK regulation is struggling between following citizens demands and consumers demands

Question 22

Examples of citizens demands?

Answer 22

Protection of privacy, educational, diversity and no discrimination

Question 23

Examples of consumers demand?

Answer 23

Freedom of choice, to create content and the right to know

Question 24

George Gerbner theory?

Answer 24

Cultivation theory. Heavy TV viewers (4 or more hours) are more influenced by media

Question 25

What is mean world syndrome?

Answer 25

People think the world is more violent than it actually is because of the violence in the media

Question 26

Reasons for Gerbner being incorrect?

Answer 26

Very outdated, posited his theory in the 1970s, much easier to be a heavy viewer nowadays

Question 27

Hypodermic needle theory?

Answer 27

Mass media influencing people's opinion instantly, no prolonged time

Question 28

Clay Shirky's theory?

Answer 28

No longer passive audiences, digital media has changed the line between audience and producer

Question 29

Ways audiences are encouraged to be active?

Answer 29

Social media accounts, comment sections, posting trending content, collaborating with celebrities

Question 30

Henry Jenkins theory?

Answer 30

Fandom theory. People that enjoy the same content become very devoted and media join together and become prosumers, creates a virtual community

Question 31

What is participatory culture?

Answer 31

Audiences can create their own content based on what they see in the media, bar is very low for what can be produced

Question 32

David Gauntlett's theory?

Answer 32

Audience can relate their identity to the media or base them off of stereotypes

Question 33

What are the different types of identity?

Answer 33

Fluidity its always changing, constructed from different media types, collective groups, privileged because we can

Question 34

Stuart Hall's theory?

Answer 34

Reception theory. Encoding and decoding of media. Audiences can decode media incorrectly as it isn't always straightforward

Question 35

Judith Butler's theory?

Answer 35

Gender Performance theory. We construct our gender based on stereotypes and what we see in the media and society. They're not defined by our sex or fixed childhood experiences