Theory

Question 1

Bytecode

Answer 1

Python source code is compiled into bytecode, the internal representation of a Python program in the CPython interpreter. Bytecode is also cached in .pyc files. Bytecode runs on a virtual machine

Question 2

Class Definition Scope

Answer 2

Python creates a temporary namespace for the class to store class-level variables (excluding method variables)

class block has its own execution namespace, but only at definition time

unbound local variables are looked up in the global namespace

Question 3

GIL

Answer 3

Global Interpreter Lock

mutex that allows only one thread to hold the control of the interpreter

only in CPython

Question 4

Garbage Collection

Answer 4

Reference Counting
tracking references
deallocating memory

Generational Garbage Collection
- generation 0 (youngest)
- generation 1 (middle-aged)
- generation 2 (oldest)

prioritizing younger objects
handling cyclic references