Theory

Question 1

most theories and frames of reference comes from

Answer 1

piaget

Question 2

piaget emphasized

Answer 2

that development occurs through the interaction between the environment and the child’s innate abilities.

Question 3

piaget identified four levels of cognitive function

Answer 3

sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational

Question 4

what are some limitations on piaget

Answer 4

lacked appreciation for the influence of culture, society and technology on development

Question 5

Why is it essential for OT’s to be aware of cognitive development

Question 6

what is the overview of the development of occupations

Answer 6

how does the whole picture of

Motor and Praxis

Sensory-Perceptual

Emotion Regulation

Cognitive

Communication

Social Skills

Question 7

What is the ICF

Answer 7

international classification of functioning, disability and health

Classification system for health and health-related domains

Depicts the dynamic interaction between a person and his or her environment at all levels of function

Extension of the ICF, the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth

Question 8

ICF is used a lot for

Answer 8

motor interventions

Question 9

ICF asks you to choose a

Answer 9

top down approach or bottom up approach.

Question 10

top down is a ________ lens

Answer 10

broader

Question 11

bottom up approach is more a __________ lens

Answer 11

macro

Question 12

top down approach

Answer 12

Therapist considers multiple aspects of child’s performance

-Environment plays important role

-Look at routines, activity patterns, contextual supports and opportunities for participation.

Question 13

bottom up approach

Answer 13

Focus is on underlying performance or performance impairments

-Intervention focuses
(increasing strength, reducing anxiety etc)

-By gaining new skills, child’s performance may generalize to a range of activities

Question 14

which approach deals with environmental factors and personal factors firsts

Answer 14

top down.

Question 15

which approach deals with physical body structures first

Answer 15

bottom up

Question 16

baby walking down a hall in a gait trainer to greet dad. is this towp down or bottom up

Answer 16

top down

Question 17

video of baby on exercise ball working on muscle strength and foundational skills to roll. is this bottom up or top down?

Answer 17

bottom up

Question 18

Theory

Answer 18

a plausible or scientifically acceptable general principle offered to explain a phenomena

Question 19

Model

Answer 19

a pictorial representation that expresses observations and data about certain portions of a theory.

provides terminology, principles, assessment and intervention methods an overarching framework.

Question 20

model used a lot in early intervention

Answer 20

coaching mode.

Question 21

in a coaching model

Answer 21

The coach supports the learner and the child achieve outcomes through a process of:
Initiation
Observation
Action
Reflection
Evaluation
Continuation
Resolution

Question 22

coaching has been shown to improve ________ - _________ in parents

Answer 22

self-efficacy.

Question 23

elements of MOHO

Answer 23

Volition
Habituation
Performance capacity
Environment

Question 24

Where is emphases placed in the CMOPE

Answer 24

Emphasis placed on enablement, social justice, and environment to promote occupational engagement.

Question 25

what are the elements of PEOP

Answer 25

Occupational performance is the result of the dynamic, transactive relationship of the person, environment and occupation. Narrative Person Factors Environment Factors Occupation Performance

Question 26

what are the elements of occupational adaptation

Answer 26

States that people participate in desired occupations because of a press for mastery. OA refers to the child’s ability to participate in a desired occupation and change their performance based on the required demands. Relative mastery includes: Effectiveness participation Efficiency Satisfaction

Question 27

Emily is a 4-year-old girl who recently started preschool. Her parent is concerned about Emily’s ability to participate in classroom activities due to her social anxiety, preference for solitary play, and difficulties with fine motor skills, such as holding a crayon. The therapist assess Emily's personal characteristics—mild developmental delays in motor coordination, s and anxiety—alongside her occupation of engaging in preschool activities (self-care, education, and play) and the surrounding physical and social environment that influences her ability to perform and engage. Through this model, the focus will be on promoting Emily’s participation by addressing her individual challenges and modifying her environment to support her developmental needs. Waht model is this

Answer 27

PEOP

Question 28

Developmental Frame of Reference

Answer 28

“ Promotes Practice of skills in a developmental sequence and at the level just above where the child is functioning” (O’Brien & Kuhaneck, 2020, pg. 33) Focused on the physical, social and psychological aspects of life. Role of OT is to facilitate development, assist in the mastery of occupations and enable children to cope with life expectations. Goals are developed based on what comes next in typical development

Question 29

when creating goals what FOR are you using

Answer 29

developmental frame of reference

Question 30

Bio-mechanical FOR

Answer 30

Bottom up approach because you are looking at PROM, AROM, Strength, endurance. Good as prep activities for interventions.

Question 31

Neuro-developmental FOR

Answer 31

Goal is to improve over-all function in daily tasks by increased active use of the trunk and involved extremities NDT principles : Postural alignment Improve foundational postural stability Weight shift and equilibrium responses Improved control of isolated and dissociated extremity movements Enhanced mobility and dynamic stability within and between body positions Therapeutic handling

Question 32

Behavioral FOR

Answer 32

Instrumental or Operant Learning The use of reinforcement to modify behavior Focus is on human learning through repetition of specific behaviors with appropriate reinforcement. Task analysis is an important component. Goals will be focused on skill development or improved behavior in varied settings.

Question 33

Task analysis is an important component of

Answer 33

Behavioral FOR

Question 34

Cognitive FOR

Answer 34

Emphasize assisting the child to identify, develop, and use cognitive strategies. Based on Bandura’s work on self-efficacy and motivation. OT will question child to: Discover relevant aspects of the task Example how they are currently performing the task Identify where they are getting “stuck” Think about alternative solutions Try out solutions and evaluate them

Question 35

What age is Cognitive FOR used?

Answer 35

preschool age.

Question 36

Cognitive behavioral FOR combines

Answer 36

cog and behavioral FOR into one

Question 37

Cognitive Behavioral

Answer 37

Combination of Behavioral and Cognitive FOR Encourage child to identify negative self-talk that interfere with achievement and mastery and lead to low self-efficacy. Sessions include: Engaging in activities that are the “just right challenge” Allow child to problem-solve and succeed in task. Use role play, task analysis, self-reflection, exploration, problem solving and participation in occupations