Theory

Question 1

According to Minuchin, the therapist’s methods for creating a therapeutic system with a family and of positioning himself/herself as its leader are known as:

Answer 1

joining

Question 2

A therapist working with a couple gives the following instructions:

Get ready for bed; then I want you [the wife] to lie on your belly; then you [the husband] caress her back as gently and sensitively as you can; move your hands very slowly; do no more. In the meantime, I want you [the wife] to be “selfish” and just concentrate.

The therapist is here using a technique developed by Masters and Johnson and known as:

Answer 2

sensate focus

Question 3

A family is referred for therapy to a family therapist in private practice. The son, age 17, has recently been discharged from a psychiatric hospital but has remained in individual therapy with a psychiatrist. He has a history of alcoholism and since his discharge has two charges pending against him for driving while intoxicated. The parents convey to the family therapist their concern that the psychiatrist is unaware of their son’s recent alcohol abuse or of the pending charges. In this situation, the most appropriate initial approach for the family therapist would be to:

Answer 3

encourage the son to talk to his therapist and ask the family members to sign a release of information form to facilitate coordination of treatment

Question 4

may involve hidden payoffs for the resistant family

Answer 4

system maintenance

Question 5

In the use of videotape in working with families, the most essential condition is that:

Answer 5

all those to be taped agree to its use

Question 6

FamilySystemsTheoryviewsthefamilyaswhattypeofunit.

a. physiological
b. psychological
c. emotional
d. anatomical

Answer 6

C:“emotional:”Dr.MurrayBowen,apsychiatrist,istheoriginatoroftheFamilySystemsTheory.Thebasicideaofthetheoryassertsthatfamiliesareconnectedstronglyinanemotionalmanner.Evenwhenpeoplemayfeelemotionallydistantfromthefamilyunit,oftenthisfeelingofdistanceisaperceptionratherthanareality,asanemotionalinterdependenceexistswithinthefamilyunit.

Question 7

FamilySystemsTheoryconsistsofwhat eightinterlockingconcepts?

Answer 7

1. Triangles
2. Differentiation of Self
3. Nuclear Family Emotional System
4. Family Projection Process
5. Multigenerational Transmission Process
6. Emotional Cutoff
7. Sibling Position
8. Societal Emotional Process

Question 8

Ifoneunitofthefamilyisabletochangehis/herindividualdysfunctionalbehavior,thenotherfamilyunitmembersalsocanchangeproductively.Towhichofthefollowingchoicesdoesthisstatementmostcloselyrelate?

a. maritaldiscordtheory
b. Ericksonianfamilytheory
c. Freudianpsychoanalytictheory
d. systemiccoaching

Answer 8

D:“systemiccoaching:”Systemiccoachinganalyzesrelationshipswiththeeventualpurposeofalteringdysfunctionalbehavior.Thissystemicapproachviewshumansas“systems”ratherthanseparateindividuals(separatefromtheenvironmentinwhichtheyreside).Systemiccoachingseekstoassistthepatientinsettinggoalsandconsistentlymovingtowardthosegoals.

Question 9

Whattypeofapproachisalsoknownas“realitytherapy”?

a. Humanistictherapy
b. Cognitive-Behavioral
c. Behavioral
d. Somatictherapy

Answer 9

B:“cognitive-behavioral:”Realitytherapyisacognitive-behavioralapproach(developedbyWilliamGlasser).Thistypeoftherapyfocusesonwhatishappeninginthepatient’scurrentlifeandalsolookstothepatient’sfuture.Unlikemanytypesoftherapythatlookfortherootcauseoftheproblem,RealityTherapyemploysaproblem-solvingapproachinordertoaddressthecurrentchoicesofbehaviorandhowthosechoicescanaffectfutureoutcomesinthepatient’slife.

Question 10

InPsychoeducation,familymembersare:

a. includedwiththepatientinthetraining.
b. discouragedfromtakingpart.
c. neverpresent.
d. partoftheteachingteam.

Answer 10

A:“includedwiththepatientinthetraining:”ThedevelopmentofPsychoeducationgenerallyisattributedtoC.M.Andersonandhisworkinthetreatmentofschizophrenia.ThebasicideaofPsychoeducationiseducatingthepatientandfamilysotheparticularsoftheconditionaremadeclearer,andthereforemoreeasilymanaged.

Question 11

Whichofthefollowingismostwidelyknownforbeingafamilytherapypioneer?

a. JayHaley
b. CarlRogers
c. SigmundFreud
d. JeanPiaget

Answer 11

A:“JayHaley:”JayHaleyisoneofthemostwidelyknownprofessionalsinthefieldoffamilytherapy.Hewasnotonlyapioneerinfamilytherapy,buthewasalsoastrongadvocateoffamilytherapyinbothlayandprofessionalsettings.Hisbooksonstrategicfamilytherapystresstherolesofpowerandhierarchyinthefamilystructure.

Question 12

StrategicFamilyTherapyoftenisreferredtoas:

a. anteractivetherapy.
b. relationshiptherapy.
c. brieftherapy.
d. psychotherapy.

Answer 12

C:“brieftherapy:”Strategictherapiesfocusonneededchangesratherthanlengthoftimeofinvolvementintherapy.Oftenthesekindsoftherapiesconsistofapproximatelytentherapysessions.Assuch,thiskindoftherapyemploysaverygoal-
directedapproach,evaluateswhatalreadyhasbeentried,andincorporatesnewstrategiestoaffectchangeinatime-efficientmanner.

Question 13

Towhichofthefollowingdoestheterm“family-of-origin”workrefer?

a. Examininggenealogicallinkstoancestry
b. examiningand/orchangingpatternsofinteractionthatformedinanindividual’sfamilyupbringing c. somethingthatonlyappliestothetherapist
d. somethingthatonlyappliestopatients

Answer 13

B:“examiningand/orchangingpatternsofinteractionthatformedinanindividual’sfamilyupbringing:”Family-of-originworkappliesbothtothetherapistandtothetherapist’sworkwithpatients.Thetherapistmustresolvehis/herownlearnedpatternsofinteractioninordertoworkeffectivelyinthetherapysettingwithpatientswiththeirownfamily-of-originissues.

Question 14

Strategicfamilytherapysometimesiscalled

a. goal-activatedtherapy.
b. psychotherapy.
c. problemsolvingtherapy.
d. theMilanModel.

Answer 14

C:“problemsolvingtherapy:”Accordingly,Strategicfamilytherapyfocusesonworkingwiththefamilymemberstodefinetheproblem,aidingthefamilyinunderstandingtheproblem,andthenworkingwiththefamilymemberstosolvetheproblem.DuetoStrategicfamilytherapy’sstrongproblemsolvingapproach,oftenthetherapyisnamedaccordingtoitsprevailingcharacteristic.

Question 15

WhichofthefollowingisamajorstrengthofBowenfamilytheory?

a. itsattentionuponpastfamilyinteractionasameansbywhichtoavoidfutureproblems
b. alonghistoryofstatisticaldatatobackupitstheory
c. itsfocusonthe“quickfix”
d. thefocusonpresentissuesratherthanlookingtothepastforanswers

Answer 15

A:“itsattentionuponpastfamilyinteractionasameansbywhichtoavoidfutureproblems:”Helpingthepatientinidentifyingandunderstandingthereasonsforpastfamilybehavioroffersanaidindealingwithpresentandfutureproblemsandisatime-efficientapproach,aswell.

Question 16

Systemicfamilytherapyofteniscalled

a. theMilanModel.
b. Ericksoniantherapy.
c. traditionalpsychotherapy.
d. rational-emotivetherapy.

Answer 16

A:“theMilanModel:”SystemicfamilytherapyofteniscalledtheMilanmodelbecauseitwasdevelopedinMilan,ItalybyMaraSalviniPalazzoliandseveralothers.Thistherapeuticapproachdoesnotconcernitselfwithpastcausesordiagnosis;rather,itfocusesonhelpingdevelopnewpatternstoreplaceproblematicones.

Question 17

Bowenfamilytherapyusesgenogramsas

a. awaytolengthenthetherapeuticprocess.
b. ameansbywhichtosetstandardsfortherapy
c. amethodtodeterminegeneticheredity.
d. avisualrepresentationofafamily.

Answer 17

D:“avisualrepresentationofafamily:”Usinggeometricfigures,thegenogramshowsapatient’sfamilytree.Thisvisualdetailingoftencoversoverthreegenerationsandisatimesavingapproachthathelpsbothpatientandtherapistreviewpatternsandotherusefulinformation.

Question 18

InBowentheory,trianglesonewayto

a. minimizemalingering.
b. understandfamilyrelationships.
c. specificallyaddresshostiletherapypatients.
d. dealwithspecificchildhoodissues.

Answer 18

B:“understandfamilyrelationships:”A“triangle”existsbetweentwopeopleandanoutsider,anditisconsideredanemotionalbuildingblockandthesmalleststablerelationshipsystem.Anxietyexistswithinthetriangle,withonepersonsometimesfeelingliketheodd-person-outandseekingchange.Trianglescanbeeitherhealthyorunhealthy.

Question 19

Regardingsiblingpositionsasrelatingtomarriage,ayoungestsonwoulddobestto

a. marryaneldestdaughter.
b. nevermarry.
c. marryayoungestdaughter.
d. marryamiddledaughter.

Answer 19

A:“marryaneldestdaughter:”Boweniantherapistsbelievethatpersonalitycharacteristicscandevelopbecauseoftheorderinwhichanindividualisbornintoafamily.Inthiscase,forexample,ayoungestsonmaybeaccustomedtobeingdoteduponandcaredfor.Bycontrast,theeldestdaughterisaccustomedtotakingcareofothers.Therefore,theyoungestsonandeldestdaughtermaycomplimenteachother’sneedswell.

Question 20

InBowenianfamilytherapy,whatdoesdetriangulationallowapatienttodo?

a. itallowsapatientleavetherapyearly
b. itallowsapatienttoremainemotionallypresent,ratherthanrelyingonintellect. c. itallowsthepatienttobeincontactwhileremainingemotionallyseparate
d. allowsthepatienttooverlookintellectualconfusionuntilalaterpointintherapy

Answer 20

C:“itallowsthepatienttobeincontactwhileremainingemotionallyseparate:”Indetriangulation,patientslearntocommunicatebyrespondingratherthanbyreactingonanemotionallevel.

Question 21

Towhichofthefollowingdoesthephrase“differentiationofself”refer?

a. atypeofself-helpstrategy
b. awaytohelpchildrenovercomeparentseparationissues
c. apsychotictherapeuticgoal
d. theabilitytoseparatethoughtsandfeelings

Answer 21

D:“theabilitytoseparatethoughtsandfeelings:”Differentiationofselfistheabilitytothinklogicallywithoutone’sfeelingsbeingengaged.Inthefamilytherapysetting
,thisabilityalsoprovesusefulinhelpingthepatientthinkaboutthingsapartfromtheinfluenceofthefamilystructure.

Question 22

Askingthefamilytodevelopafamilycrestorfinishsentencessuchas“beingcloseinthisfamilyis”arewaystogaininsightinto

a. familygenograms.
b. familymyths.
c. Somatictherapy.
d. theMilanModel.

Answer 22

B:“familymyths:”Familymythsareessentiallytheideologyofthefamily.Theyarethecommonwaysofinteractingwithinaparticularfamilyunit,uponwhichthefamilymembersagree.Whiletheytendtobedistortionsofreality,theygenerallyareunderstoodwithinthefamilyunit.Rolesareoftenassignedtomembersofthefamilybasedonthesemyths.

Question 23

Theabandonmentofafamilyritualisoftenrelatedto

a. thelossofabelovedpet.
b. familymembersmovingawayfromhome.
c. theonsetofdysfunctionwithinthefamilystructure.
d. anewmemberenteringthefamily.

Answer 23

C:“theonsetofdysfunctionwithinthefamilystructure:”Afamilyidentityisoftenlackingwhenthefamilymemberscannotdescribefamilyritualsthattheypractice.Likewise,whenapatientmakesstatementssuchas,“weusedtoalwayshaveabirthdaydinner,butdon’tanymore,”oneoftencannotetheonsetofdysfunctionpriortotheabandonmentofthatfamilyritual.

Question 24

Infamilytherapy,whichofthefollowingstatementsisdescribedbestbytheterm“disengagement”?

a. theemotional“disconnect”betweenadultandchild
b. anelevatedlevelofintimacybetweenfamilymembers
c. theendingofanengagementtomarry
d. thetraitsofafamily

Answer 24

D:“thetraitsofafamily:”Theterm“disengagement”oftendescribesthetraitsofafamilyorthecurrenttypeoffamilyinteractionorfunctioning.Disengagedfamilieslackintimacybetweenthemembers.Familymembersmayfeelisolated,havelimitedunderstandingofeachother,andhavelimitedcommoninterestsorinteraction.

Question 25

A ten year-old directs his younger siblings in their household duties and helps them with homework.  Which of the following terms describe these types of actions?  a.   inappropriate directiveness b.   excessive responsibility c.   parentification d.   parental-child discord

Answer 25

C: “parentification:” Parentification is a concept used in the assessment of the family. It refers to a non-parent individual taking on the parent role. This role confusion can be problematic for both the individual taking on the role (as they may not be equipped to do so), and for the individuals being parented (as the “parent” may not be able to meet the needs of those persons being parented). 

Question 26

21. Sexual problems between parents in the family structure are often a.  viewed as dysfunctional relationship issues and referred elsewhere. b.  addressed first, prior to any family therapy being initiated. c.   dismissed as unimportant. d.   included in the family therapy process as a whole.

Answer 26

A: “viewed as dysfunctional relationship issues and referred elsewhere:” Sexual issues are often viewed in terms of relationship issues, and not addressed as a significant part of the family therapy process. However, various assessment methods can clarify the sexual dysfunction (such as a sexual genogram and various questionnaires).

Question 27

Which of the following issues does the McAndrew Scale assess? a.   psychotic symptoms b.   paranoid tendencies c.   alcohol abuse d.   antisocial traits

Answer 27

 C: “alcohol abuse:” The McAndrew Alcoholism Scale was developed in 1965 from the MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory). This assessment is a forty-nine item objective test used as a measure of substance abuse (specifically alcohol).   

Question 28

If a family member accuses one of your patients as having an alcohol problem, which of the following tests would you most likely use to gain further insight into the situation? a.   Rorschach b.   WISC-R c.   WPPSI d.    MAST

Answer 28

D: “MAST:” Developed in 1971, the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) consists of twenty-two questions that aid the clinician in determining the intensity of a drug problem. This assessment is considered one of the most accurate screening tests available.  

Question 29

The FILE screening test most closely relates to which of the following? a.   stress b.   child disciplinary problems c.   marital discord d.   substance abuse

Answer 29

A: “stress:” FILE (Family Inventory of Life Events), is a quick-to-use measure of family stress. The test is a seventy-one item screening tool that reveals the number of stressing life events that have occurred in the family, and this assessment can be completed by more than one family member. Finally, it can also be used within any family structure.  

Question 30

The Beavers scales I & II, primarily give an overall indication of a.   interaction style and family competence. b.   substance abuse issues and dependency. c.   neurological deficits. d.   parent-child conflict and sibling-sibling conflict.

Answer 30

A: “interaction style and family competence:” The Beavers Systems Model of Family Functioning is an often- used method of assessment. Style can range from centripetal to centrifugal. Competence can range from optimal to dysfunctional. In addition, a self-report inventory (SFI) measures individual family members’ perceptions of the overall level of family functioning.  

Question 31

Which of the following sometimes is considered a downside of the Marital Satisfaction Inventory (MSI-R)? a.   ease of administration b.   reliability c.   validity d.   the amount of time needed for administration

Answer 31

D: “the amount of time needed for administration:” Developed by Douglas Snyder, the Marital Satisfaction Inventory (MSI-R) is considered a reliable and valid indicator of a couple’s overall marital situation. It consists of 150 true-false questions (for each partner) and reveals both strengths and areas in need of change. The assessment tends to take at least thirty minutes to complete, sometimes considered a downside of the inventory.

Question 32

When you ask your patient, “if your brother won’t pick up his toys, what will your mother do?” What therapeutic technique are you using? a.   interrogative questioning b.   circular questioning c.   intuitive reasoning d.   free-association

Answer 32

B: “circular questioning:” Circular questioning is a non-threatening therapeutic technique especially useful for clients who may have difficulty expression themselves. This type of questioning is useful in gaining insight into the perspective of the individual being asked the questions and also acts as a prompt for the person who is being spoken about.

Question 33

What must a therapist present to the patient before an effective teaching moment can occur? a.   feedback on the desired skill b.   a demonstration of the desired skill c.   the rationale for learning the skill d.   statistical data

Answer 33

C: “the rationale for learning the skill:” The first step in a systematic training procedure is to provide a rationale for the desired skill. The patient needs to understand how the skill will be of benefit to him or her. Following providing the rationale, the therapist can facilitate skills demonstration and practice, and then provide appropriate feedback.

Question 34

Reflective listening is a useful tool in marital counseling. What are the four main components of this Rogerian technique? a.   empathy, congruence, analysis, concreteness b.   empathy, congruence, acceptance, concreteness c.   empathy, congruence, definition, evaluation d.   empathy, congruence, differentiation, variability

Answer 34

B: “empathy, congruence, acceptance, concreteness:” Empathy reflects the therapist’s desire to “get inside” the speaker’s thoughts, and congruence relates to the therapist’s openness. Acceptance implies respect for the speaker, and concreteness indicates the need to keep things specific rather than vague and unfocused. All four components are necessary for successful reflective listing.

Question 35

A common difficulty when teaching self-disclosure is. a.   limited time to teach the needed skills. b.   the need to place limits on what can be disclosed. c.   individual monetary considerations. d.  that the patient may not understand the difference between thoughts and feelings.

Answer 35

D: “that the patient may not understand the difference between thoughts and feelings:” Teaching a patient effective self-disclosure includes an understanding of the difference between thoughts and feelings. Urging patients to talk about how they contribute to the relationship and about themselves in general may also naturally lead to disclosures about feelings.

Question 36

“Time-out” is a.   a child management technique. b.   a brief respite from the primary relationship. c.  a means by which to end situational marital discord. d.   a way to denote a temporary break from therapy.

Answer 36

A: “a child management technique:” Time-out is a technique taught to parents to help with discipline issues. It is often used as a substitute for corporal punishment, and it is generally easy for parents to use. Quite simply, time-out involves moving the child away from the high-stimulation situation for a set period of time.

Question 37

If therapy sessions are passing with little change and lethargy seems to have set in, the therapist may choose to a.   refund a portion of the patient’s money. b.   promote a crisis. c.   seek to end therapy early. d.   schedule more and longer sessions.

Answer 37

B: “promote a crisis:” When lethargy has set in, and little or no change is apparent, then it may be prudent for the therapist to induce a crisis into the therapy session.

Question 38

Which of the following choices is the purpose of reframing symptoms? a.   to eliminate them from the therapy process b.   to change the therapist’s perspective of the problem c.   to change a patient’s perspective of the problem d.   to maintain therapeutic continuity

Answer 38

C: “to change a patient’s perspective of the problem:” Reframing problems and perspectives can lead to new possible solutions. A variety of ways exists to reframe a symptom. One example might be to cast a positive light on a previously negatively viewed behavior. Viewing the negative as potentially positive can open the patient up to new discussion and possible solutions.

Question 39

Externalizing the problem of an alcohol addiction means a.   placing the focus on the patient’s behavior. b.   focusing on the addiction. c.  keeping the focus on the family’s reaction to the addiction. d.  discussing only the negative effects of the drinking.

Answer 39

B: “focusing on the addiction:” Families often will vilify the alcoholic in the family, causing more shame and less likelihood of the patient responding to helpful efforts. Externalizing the problem to a focus on the “addiction” can aid in everyone attacking the problem rather than attacking the individual.

Question 40

When children are a disruption in a family session, which of the following actions likely would allow the therapist the most therapeutic information? a.   immediately terminate the session b.   the therapist intervenes with the children c.   do nothing initially and let the situation play out d.   ask the parents to intervene

Answer 40

C: “do nothing initially, and let the situation play out:” When children are disruptive during a family session, therapists can manage the situation in several ways. Commonly used options include allowing the situation to play out (giving the therapist the opportunity to observe the parenting style), requesting that the parents intervene, or for the therapist to intervene (modeling appropriate intervention). 

Question 41

When patients don’t complete or inaccurately complete out of session work assigned by the therapist, this situation is usually. a.   the therapist’s fault. b.   because the patient’s don’t like the assignment. c.   due to losing the assignment. d.   because of psychological pathology.

Answer 41

A: “the therapist’s fault:” When patients do not complete assignments, it is often the therapist’s fault. Common reasons for this failure to complete include assignments that are unreasonable in light of the patient’s capabilities. Sometimes therapists have not explained assignments properly, or the assignments require more time to complete than the patient has available. Therapists should consider these factors and other factors before assigning out-of-session work in order to manage such work in a successful manner.

Question 42

A family you are treating must relocate to another state. What action are you likely to take? a.   escalate the treatment modality in order to achieve goals more quickly b.   terminate treatment c.   refer the family to a therapist in their state d.   no action needs to be taken

Answer 42

C: “refer the family to a therapist in their state:” When a family informs the therapist of their impending relocation, it is common to make a referral to another therapist. A “release of information” also should be obtained at this time so the therapist can send his or her clinical notes to the new therapist, which will aid in the continuity of care.

Question 43

Determining when to terminate family therapy is different from determining when to terminate individual therapy because a.   the therapeutic training of family therapists is different. b.   in family therapy it is more difficult to know when goals are met.  c.   the “problems” dealt with are far more complex. d.   families are always evolving.

Answer 43

D: “families are always evolving:” Family therapy tends to be quite problem-focused and evolving, so determining the end of the therapy is not always easy. Since the family and the therapist often agree upon the number of sessions at the beginning of therapy, the involved parties can evaluate goal progress near the end of the prescribed number of sessions. Then the family and the therapist can collaborate and decide regarding either termination or additional sessions. 

Question 44

What is an overriding technique used repeatedly in Bowen Family Theory? a.   giving tests b.   the use of homework or out-of-session assignments c.   asking questions d.   taking surveys

Answer 44

C: “asking questions:” Asking questions is a critical tool in family therapy, especially in Bowen Family Systems Therapy. The information derived from questions aids the therapist, as well as enhances family members in understanding the motivations and perceptions of other family members.  

Question 45

When a couple wants to terminate therapy even though the therapist advises against termination, what action is the therapist likely to take? a.   point out the dire consequences of ending therapy b.   respect the patient’s decision c.   seek a court order to force the continuation of therapy d.   charge the patients a penalty fee for early termination of therapy

Answer 45

B: “respect the patient’s decision:” When patients wish to terminate therapy against the advice of the therapist, the therapist ultimately must respect the patient’s right to discontinue. The therapist should review progress made in relation to goals set, make the necessary recommendations and suggestions, but ultimately respect the patient’s decision.

Question 46

A therapist’s student shares concerns about dysfunctional behavior in the student’s family. The student requests a session with the therapist. Is it acceptable for the therapist to see the student (and his family), in a therapy setting? a.   yes b.   no c.   yes, but only if all the family members are aware of the student/therapist relationship d.   yes, but only if no fees are charged

Answer 46

B: “no:” Entering into a therapeutic relationship with a student is considered inappropriate and unethical. The risk of possible exploitation and impaired objectivity (given the influential position of the therapist/supervisor over the student), presents an inappropriate therapeutic setting.

Question 47

Your patient tells you that she does not mind if you share details of your sessions with others. Is it acceptable to share your patient’s confidential information? a.   no b.   yes c.   yes, but only if she also gives written consent d.   yes, but only if she was competent to give her verbal consent at the time she spoke with you.

Answer 47

C: “yes, but only if she gives written consent:” Sharing confidential information is inappropriate and unethical unless the therapist has written consent from the patient. The only time a written consent is not necessary is in the case of an emergency, and the therapist deems such disclosure necessary.

Question 48

Your patient wants to pay you via an exchange of services rather than monetarily. Is such an arrangement ethically acceptable? a.   yes b.   no c.   yes, but only if the services are of an appropriate value d.   yes, but only under specific circumstances

Answer 48

D: “yes, but only under specific circumstances:” Paying for therapy with goods or services is acceptable if the patient initiates the arrangement, and if the arrangement is not exploitative in any way. In addition, the form of payment should not negatively impact the integrity of the therapeutic relationship. Further, a clearly written contract should specify the terms of the arrangement.

Question 49

You were the faculty advisor on a student’s research project. When the project is published, should you receive authorship credit? a.   yes, but only if you made substantial contributions to the project beyond being simply an advisor. b.   no c.   yes, always d.   yes, but only if monetary payment is involved.

Answer 49

A: “yes, but only if you made substantial contributions to the project beyond being an advisor:” Receiving credit for authorship of a research project only should happen if the advising/supervising individual made a significant contribution to the project. Simply acting as an advisor or committee member does not warrant authorship credit. 

Question 50

Therapists involved in treatment of individuals involved in custody issues may not perform forensic evaluations for custody of those individuals due to a.   safety considerations. b.   monetary considerations. c.   concerns regarding confidentiality. d.   conflict of interest issues.

Answer 50

D: “conflict of interest issues:” A therapist who is seeing a patient for therapy would experience conflict of interest issues if he or she also was involved in a forensic evaluation to help determine custody issues. However, therapists can provide information to the court about the individual in question, as long as the therapist maintains patient confidentiality.

Question 51

Can a therapist withhold a patient’s records if that patient has not paid for services rendered? a.   yes b.   no c.   yes, but only if amount of non-payment is in excess of $500 d.   yes, if previously explained to the patient

Answer 51

B: “no:” A therapist cannot withhold a patient’s record simply due to non-payment issues. The welfare of the patient must be paramount over other considerations.

Question 52

You are conducting a research study, having recruited several volunteers to act as p articipants. One of your volunteers wishes to withdraw from the study halfway through, which will significantly affect your study in a negative manner. Do you allow the participant to withdraw? a.   no, under any circumstances b.   If the participant was properly briefed prior to volunteering, then no c.   yes, but only if you can easily replace the participant d.   yes

Answer 52

D: “yes:” Researchers should brief research participants properly before the participant takes part in any research. Nonetheless, participants must be allowed to leave at any time if they so choose. Particularly, researchers should be cognizant of any possible reasons for volunteers to feel coerced into staying with a study, and the volunteer’s wishes always should be respected.

Question 53

You engage in sexual activity with someone you have been supervising, and this person raises a complaint. Which of the following is true? a.   You are responsible to prove that no injury has been done to the supervisee.  b.   The supervisee must prove that damage was done as a result of the sexual encounter. c.   There is no responsibility to do anything, since the matter is decided by the ethics committee. d.   Since this is a personal matter, nothing more needs to be done.

Answer 53

A: “you are responsible to prove that no injury has been done to the supervisee:” In a supervision relationship, it is inappropriate for a supervisor to engage a sexual relationship with a supervisee. However, if a sexual relationship does occur, the supervisor is responsible to prove that the student experienced no damage due to the relationship.

Question 54

Your patient has chosen to end his marriage, even though you have explored the many negative consequences of doing so. You should a.   insist that he remain in his marital relationship. b.   guide him in understanding the possible consequences of his actions, but respect his decision. c.   tell him you will contact his wife if he insists on divorce. d.   inform family members of his decision and seek their help.

Answer 54

B: “guide him in understanding the possible consequences of his actions, but respect his decision:” The therapist assists the patient in understanding the consequences of choices and guides the patient, but the patient’s decisions are his/her own and must be respected.

Question 55

A family that effective deals with grief, also is probably very a.   open. b.   directive. c.   resistant. d.   closed.

Answer 55

A: “open:” Families that are open and speak freely regarding issues of loss are more likely to deal effectively with their grief. Likewise, a direct, open approach is often best when facilitating resolution of loss issues within the family structure.