Theory Flashcards by Makenzie Kresch

According to Erikson, person >65 w sense of satisfaction that life was productive/worthwhile has successfully managed psychosocial task of developing: (4x)

INTEGRITY

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According to Erikson, a child who strives to be competent by learning new skills, taking pride in results is which stage? (Also correlated with the Freudian stage of latency) (4x)

INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY

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Erikson theorized that a successful developmental task in the 40-60 y/o group is to? (3x)

FEEL USEFUL TO SOCIETY THROUGH BEHAVIORS THAT PROTECT FUTURE GENERATIONS

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According to Erikson, the predominant emotional issue in normal, school-aged children is: (3x)

PERSONAL WORTH AND COMPETENCE

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11 y/o boy has frequent episodes of ulcerative colitis requiring frequent hospitalization. While in the hospital, mother never leaves his side and responds to questions for him, often referring to disease as “our disease.” According to Minuchin’s theory of family interactions, this is: (3x)

ENMESHED

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A child with autism is placed in a therapeutic foster home where a consistent response is made to a given action with the goal of improving the child’s functioning. This technique derives from which of the following learning theories? (x2)

BEHAVIORISM

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Erikson’s psychosocial stage in which a person invest energy into establishing, caring for, and guiding in the next generation? (2x)

GENERATIVITY VS STAGNATION

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10 y/o pt reports he collects baseball cards. Child is excited b/c he is only one in his peer group who owns several cards. According to Erickson, what developmental task are most relevant for this child? (2x)

INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY

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Learned helplessness is a model for: (2x)

DEPRESSION

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Freud’s psychological theory of development (2x)

DRIVE THEORY

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Psychic determinism is (2x)

BEHAVIORS RESULT FROM UNCONSCIOUS MIX OF DRIVES, DEFENSES, OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS, SELF-DISTURBANCES

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8 y/o boy sees 2 bottles w same amount of liquid. The content of one is poured in shorter wider glass and the other to a longer narrow glass. When asked which has more liquid he says it’s the same. According to Piaget he is exhibiting: (2x)

CONSERVATION

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Pt in individual psychotx describes hatred for a “mean, unfair” boss. This time pt adds, “but actually, I have heard my boss talking to others in the office, and he seems pretty much ok - even his voice sounds so different from the way I hear him in my head!” According to Fonagy, pt is demonstrating which mental activity? (2x)

MENTALIZATION

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Winnicott defined his concept of holding environment as the (x2) :

SAFE CONTEXT PROVIDED BY CONSISTENT AND RELIABLE PARENTING

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A female child performs a dance for her mother and basks in the gleam of her mother’s eyes. According to self-psychology, the child is having an experience of (x2):

MIRRORING

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According to psychoanalytic theory, the term primary process thinking refers to mental activity exemplified by? (2x)

UNCONSCIOUS THOUGHTS THAT DO NOT MAINTAIN LOGICAL CONNECTIONS

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A 23 yo pt began psychotherapy due to feelings of inadequacy and depression in the context of working in a coffee shop since graduating from college and deferring medical school acceptance. The pt has been having conflicts with parents over his ambivalence in becoming a physician. Which of the following is the most likely developmental task with which the pt is struggling? (2x)

IDENTITY

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What is a pre-contemplative stage statement for tobacco cessation?

HAVE YOU HEARD ABOUT THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF QUITTING?

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In Heinz Kohut’s theories of self-psychology, what is meant by the term “self-objects”?

OTHER PEOPLE IN THE ENVIRONMENT WHO PERFORM PARTICULAR FUNCTIONS FOR THE SELF

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Recently retired woman with recent life transitions has regrets about job and daughter. Wants meaningful last few decades. What develop stage?

EGO INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR

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According to the theory of self-psychology, a major cause of mental illness is:

ABSENCE OF AGE-SPECIFIC MIRRORING RESPONSES

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Biological consequences of psychological stress are documented to affect

ALTERATION OF NEURO-IMMUNO-ENDOCRINE FUNCTION

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Psychological function of a medication

ACTS AS A CONTAINER FOR THE PATIENT’S PROJECTED ANXIETIES ABOUT BEING DEFECTIVE

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According to sociobiologic theory, what term describes behaviors at the level of the individual that maximize fitness at the level of the gene?

ALTRUISM

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As conceptualized by self-psychology, which of the following is the most problematic reaction a patient can have when attempting to fulfill a self-object need?

SHAME

Kohut's theory of personality is based on:

THE INDIVIDUAL'S NEED FOR EMPATHIC INTERACTIONS WITH SELF-OBJECTS.

Gender is best understood as referring to:

WAYS IN WHICH CULTURES DIFFERENTIATE ROLES BASED ON SEX

According to Winnicott's theory of the development of an infant's assertiveness and sense of competence what best describes the critical function of the holding environment?

ENCOURAGES SPONTANEITY WHILE PROTECTING THE CHILD FROM HARM

According to Thomas & Chess' categories of temperament, the difficult child shows what characteristics?

INTENSE EXPRESSIONS OF MOOD

According to classical psychoanalytic theory, what factor primarily accounts for the polarization of same sex peer groups?

UTILIZATION OF DEFENSE MECHANISMS TO AVOID SEXUAL IMPULSES

Which of the following describes core narcissistic character pathology according to Kernberg's model?

A FUSION OF THE IDEAL SELF, THE IDEAL OBJECT, AND THE REAL SELF RESULTING IN THE DEVALUATION OF OTHERS

3 y/o girl hurts herself w/ a tricycle. Then she hit the tricycle and asks, "Why did you hurt me?" Which thought process does this behavior exemplify?

ANIMISM

Experimental subjects were asked to make a judgment but gave a wrong answer in spite of knowing the right one because they didn't want to disagree with responses of other participants. This phenomenon is:

CONFORMITY

Resilient individuals who do well in developmental course through life despite being at high risk for negative outcomes are thought to be protected in adulthood most by:

HAVING THE ABILITY TO FIND, USE AND INTERNALIZE SOCIAL SUPPORTS

According to theories of infant socialization, successful attachment most likely promotes survival through which of the following?

CREATING A BOND SO THAT THE ADULT WILL PROTECT THE INFANT FROM DANGER

According to C.G. Jung, anima refers to:

MAN'S UNDERDEVELOPED FEMININITY

29 y/o complains about mistreatment from boyfriend. Proud of generous nature but complains how little she gets back. Therapist finds it hard to make her self-reflective about her role in this, gets frustrated and fatigued. Patient displays

MASOCHISM

Early behaviorist theory promoted what

OBJECTIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH

What term describes the role that others perform for the individual in regard to mirroring, idealizing, and twinship needs?

SELF-OBJECT

The fundamental developmental need of all persons for mirroring, validation, and affirmation is central to which psychoanalytic theory?

SELF PSYCHOLOGY

Activity level, regularity, approach-withdrawal to new situations, adaptability, persistence are examples of:

TEMPERAMENTAL VARIABLES

Studies in which monkeys are raised in varying degrees of isolation have been important in contributing to what theories of human development?

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ATTACHMENT

Which of following statements identifies what both traditional healing and modern psychotherapeutic practices may have in common:

THE THERAPIST HELPS THE PATIENT EXPERIENCE AN EMERGING SENSE OF LEARNING AND MASTERY OVER THE PROBLEM

What is achieved in Piaget's stage of concrete operations?

CONSERVATION

4 y/o child upset when ice cream melts. 10 y/o puts it in freezer and tells him it will be ok. 4 y/o insists it is ruined. Piaget's concept of this is:

CONSERVATION (ALSO REVERSIBILITY)

Animistic thinking is characteristic of which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

PREOPERATIONAL THOUGHT

According to Kohlberg, moral judgment made by older school-age children are based largely on which of the following?

PLEASING THOSE IN AUTHORITY

Masturbation in adults as viewed by contemporary psychiatry is best described as:

PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL ONLY IF IT IS COMPULSIVE

Therapy intervention most frequently assoc w Kohut's self-psychology:

EMPATHIC VALIDATION

According to Kohlberg, the highest level of moral reasoning is based on consideration of

UNIVERSAL ETHICAL PRINCIPLES

Winnicott's notion of capacity to be alone in presence of another person pertains to:

MAINTENANCE OF ONE'S IDENTITY AMONGST OTHERS

Per Piaget, Conservation is the ability to do what?

UNDERSTAND THAT OBJECTS OR QUANTITIES REMAIN THE SAME DESPITE A CHANGE IN PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

With respect to Rotter's social learning theory, which of the following statements best describes having an internal locus of control?

BEHAVIOR IS SHAPED BY AN INDIVIDUAL'S EXPECTATION THAT IT WILL REALIZE A VALUED GOAL.

According to Freud, which of the following is considered to be the most salient feature of normal psychosexual development in children between 1-3 years of age?

CHILD-PARENT STRUGGLES ABOUT THE NEED TO DELAY GRATIFICATION OF DESIRES

According to Winnicott, which is an essential component of parenting infants?

BEING SENSITIVE TO THE CHILD'S INSTINCT FOR EXPLORATION AND GROWTH

According to Psychoanalytic Theory, the term Primary Process Thinking refers to mental activity exemplified by which of the following?

UNCONSCIOUS THOUGHTS THAT DO NOT MAINTAIN LOGICAL CONNECTIONS

Which is a first rank symptom according to Kurt Schneider?

VOICES ARGUING

During therapy, therapist coughs while patient is speaking. Pt angrily states, "if you disagree with me just tell me, but don't be a passive aggressive jerk!" Therapist interprets that pt is consistently treating the therapist like aggressor. Which best describes this therapy modality?

TRANSFERENCE FOCUSED PSYCHOTHERAPY

Achieving sense of self-control and free will, struggling between cooperation and willfulness (Erikson)

AUTONOMY VS. SHAME AND DOUBT

Compulsions & obsessions are related to development disturbance during which of Erikson's psychosocial stages?

AUTONOMY VS SHAME AND DOUBT

Eriksonian phase correspond w/ Freud's anal phase

AUTONOMY VS. SHAME AND DOUBT

In what developmental period does a child see he/she is a child of his/her parents & that parents have a relationship to each other not solely related to their roles as parents?

PHALLIC

According to Freud, what is a dream that is remembered on wakening?

MANIFEST DREAM

Classical psychoanalytic theory says pleasure an adult might take in controlling others/making order of chaos relates to which psychosexual stage of development?

ANAL RETENTIVE

According to contemporary psychoanalytic theory, from birth to 18 months, children experience an emerging "self" as a result of what event?

BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND BODILY SENSATIONS COME TO HAVE A PSYCHOLOGICAL MEANING

What is the combination of several unconscious impulses, wishes, or feelings that are attached to a single dream image?

CONDENSATION

Freud says depression is anger turned inward against self due to:

IDENTIFICATION WITH THE LOST OBJECT

Freud says that boys resolve oedipal complex by:

IDENTIFYING WITH FATHERS

What developmental period does the child realize he/she is the child of his/her parents and the child's parents have a relationship with one another?

LATENT

Freud believed pt had fantasies of incest with opposite-sex parents coupled with feelings of jealousy toward the same-sex parent during which stage:

PHALLIC

According to Freud, which psychosexual stage is associated with a primary erotic focus on the genital area and unconscious fantasies of sexual involvement with the opposite-sex parent?

PHALLIC

Which ego defense is seen when an adolescent belittles parents in order to defend against regressive pull toward childhood?

REVERSAL OF AFFECT

This model divides the mind into conscious, preconscious, and unconscious?

TOPOGRAPHICAL

Pt able to recall his address after being prompted to do so. According to Sigmund Freud, this information is stored at what level of the topographic model?

PRECONSCIOUS

Exploration of transference needed for reparative emotional experience, what is this psychotherapeutic treatment called?

PSYCHOANALYTIC PSYCHOTHERAPY

Tendency for groups to arrive at more extreme decisions than for individual group members alone

GROUP POLARIZATION

Father is dying. Pt is not a drinker, but went from bar to bar drinking dad's favorite drink. Bars are similar to those dad used to go to. Best interpretation of this behavior:

IDENTIFICATION WITH OR INCORPORATION OF PATIENT'S FATHER

What represents major goal of psychotherapy as conceptualized by self-psychology?

IMPROVING THE ABILITY TO USE THE APPROPRIATE AFFIRMING RESPONSES FROM OTHERS

24 y/o pt w tetraplegia after MVA showing no signs of grief or acknowledgement of poor prognosis, no significant depressive/anxious Sx. What psych intervention preferred? What psychotherapeutic school of thought emphasizes how a pt has managed feelings of envy/rage w particular emphasis on defense mechanisms?

SUPPORT BUT DO NOT CONFRONT THE PT ABOUT THE MEDICAL REALITIES EGO PSYCHOLOGY

Which of the following models divide the mind into conscious, the preconscious, and the unconscious?

TOPOGRAPHICAL

Pt w/ hx of EtOH dependence BIB wife, who states that pt's long term use of ETOH has resulted in marital separation and persistent unemployment. Pr refuses to stop drinking. Psych MD asks pt about his perspective regarding his use of ETOH, pt responds, "It may be a problem." Psych MD suggests Tx and pt says,"I will think about it." According to the stages of change model, which stage?

PRECONTEMPLATION

Pt sadly reports receiving a college rejection letter, and then disparagingly predicts that all the other colleges applied to will reject him as well. This is an example of:

OVERGENERALIZATION AND ALL-OR-NONE THINKING

Primary process thinking is characterized as

MENTATION FOCUSED ON DRIVES AND WISH FULFILLMENT

Pt with depression recounts to the psychiatrist events of the last week and describes many unpleasant experiences, concerns about the sadness of some friends, and a reluctance to read the newspaper because "all the news is bad." In cognitive psychology, which of the following formulations best accounts for this patient's presentation?

SELECTIVE ATTENTION BIAS

Replaced use of hypnosis by Freud:

FREE ASSOCIATION

Attribution processes are defined primarily as individual:

CAUSAL EXPLANATIONS OF EVENTS AND PERSONAL EXPERIENCES

Menninger's triangle of insight provides a framework for identifying links between the patient's current interpersonal relationships, early-life interactions with family members or other important caregivers, and the transferential relationship with the therapist. What is this process?

WORKING THROUGH

Theory of kindling of depressive episodes is supported by what phenomena in some?

RECURRENT WITHOUT A STRESSOR

Learned helplessness is based on principles of:

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

Which are the dimensions of the Five Factor Model of Personality?

NEUROTICISM, EXTRAVERSION, OPENNESS, AGREEABLENESS, CONSCIENTIOUSNESS

22 y/o pt presents to psych for treatment of "internet addiction." Pt noticed a pattern of increasing time spent on the internet, need for better computer equipment, and feelings of anger and dysphoria when unable to access the Internet. Explain concepts of tolerance and withdrawal in this syndrome?

BOTH TOLERANCE AND WITHDRAWAL TO INTERNET USE CAN DEVELOP

Way to consider "learning styles" in which developing curriculum is best supported by literature

USE SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL DESIGNED TO ADDRESS THE NEEDS OF ALL TYPES OF LEARNERS

Ainsworth strange situation experiment evaluated what?

ATTACHMENT BETWEEN PARENT AND CHILD

Which psychodynamic theory emphasizes individuals ability to understand their own and others internal states as explanation for behavior?

MENTALIZATION THEORY

Which psychodynamic theorists posited that development occurs in sequential clearly defined stages and that each stage must be resolved for development to proceed smoothly?

ERIC ERIKSON

In which stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development do children first understand conservation of volume?

CONCRETE OPERATIONAL

According to Winnicott, if mother can't provide "holding" environment for infant, infant will develop what defensive process?

FALSE SELF

According to Melanie Klein, a child who perceives the mother as an integrated person who is responsible for both good and bad experiences at the same time is said to be:

IN THE DEPRESSIVE POSITION