Theory and Methods Flashcards
(26 cards)
Marx
superstructure - institutions that don’t feel economic but reinforce capitalism eg school religion army
base - economic system based on private ownership as a means of production
Althusser
anti revisionism opposes and revision or change of marxist theory
clarifies ISA and RSA
no change until communism
Hegel
dialect used by marx to explain society’s development
thesis new ideas and antithesis opposing idea come together to make better idea
consistent cycle until best is made
thesis capitalism combine antithesis class consciousness to be synthesis communism
Gramsci
retains marx ideas with more focus on individual
neo marxist
people choose to live under capitalism as arent aware alternatives can be better
Centaur human front is state institutions eg media
back end is forced used
convince us capitalism is only legitimate system
(don’t use as well as althusser isa and rsa)
Adorno
testing facism and reasons people support
stuck with capitalism as we like its security
Habermas
convinced we need things
split between real needs and false needs
false need is need for authoritarian leader
Zizek
capitalism created world full of symbols where everything is meaningless
become alienated
led to desire for uncivilised era
want to return to the real when things had meaning
Sharpe
liberal
cultural lag and impact on gender ambition
Oakley
liberal
dual burden
major dissatisfaction house wives
Somerville
liberal
legal developments show patriarchy can change
Firestone
radical
eliminate sex difference
Frye
radical
female separatism
Zaretsky
marxist feminist
women triply exploited
reserve army mothers and wives
Ansley
marxist feminist
women’s housebound role in traditional households lead to being takers of shit
bell hooks
difference feminism
leading black feminist
black women most oppressed in US
solution is educate to teach black women they are worth more
Butler
discourse
gender is performed not soemthing that exists
no longer fixed notion
solution is gender trouble
challenge traditional gender performance to blur lines and stop seeing gender as binary
Durkheim
Organic analogy
society like an organ
eg education one organ for social solidarity and specialist skills
Integration and anomie
to much or too little integration leads to anomie
suicide will increase when too much or too little intergration as individuals don’t understand role in society
Parsons
structural functionalism- society must stay same to remain stable as society clearly works
views on education values and status and giving students role shows don’t need change
Merton
strain
response to anomie
eg conformists, innovators
Goffman
no fixed self
present selves in multiple ways
influenced by how others respond, own experiences, interpretations of the world and roles we filled
Shultz
phenomenology
view all experience through the lens of past experience
not shaped by moral entrepreneurs but by our own unique experiences
Garfinkel
ethnomethodology
conversation analysis to see how we understand everyday life not conflicts or structures
based on culture personal experience and context
Greater choice (PM)
Kendal Project
Tipper children construct family
