Theory review

Question 1

dislocation definition

Answer 1

displaced bone is no longer in contact with the joint
-minimum 2 images 90 degree to each other

Question 2

subluxation definition

Answer 2

partial dislocation, the bone is partially in contact with the joint

Question 3

sprain definition

Answer 3

partial rupture or tearing of supporting ligaments, without dislocation

Question 3

contusion definition

Answer 3

soft tissue injury
bruise

Question 4

fracture definiton

Answer 4

-disruption of bone caused by mechanical forces applied either directly to the bone or transmitted along shaft of bone

Question 5

Fracture alignement
Apposition

Answer 5

describes how the fragmented bone ends make contact with each other

1.anatomic apposition- end to end contact
2. lack of apposition (distraction)-fragments aligned but pulled apart and not making contact
3. bayonet apposition-fragments overlap and bone shaft makes contact

Question 6

fracture alignement
angulation

Answer 6

loss of alignment of fracture

1.apex angulation-describes the angle of the apex of the fracture, apex points medially or laterally
2.varus deformity-distal fracture fragment is angled toward the midline
3. valgus deformity-distal fracture fragment is angled away from the midline

Question 7

Types of fractures

Answer 7

simple(closed)
compound(open)
incomplete-torus, greenstick
complete-transverse, oblique, spiral
comminuted-segmental, butterfly, splintered
impacted

Question 8

hand and wrist fracture

Answer 8

barton-wrist fracture
baseball(mallet) -distal phalanx
Bennet-base of thumb
boxer-neck of 5th metacarpal
collet-wrist fracture with posterior displacement
smith-fracture distal radius with palmer displacement

Question 9

fracture names

Answer 9

-hangman-arch of C2
-hutchinson-radiaal styloid fracture
-monteggia-elbow
-potts-bimalleolar fracture with ankle dislocation
-avulsion-fragement of bone is pulled away by a ligament
-blowout-break in bony orbital floor or walls
-chip fracture-piece of bone broken off
-compression-compaction of bone trabeculae
-depressed-fracture of the skull with depression of the bone
-epiphyseal-fracture through the growth plate(salter-harris types)
-pathologic fraacture
-stellate fracture
-stress fracture
-trimalleolar fracture
-tuft or bust fracture

Question 10

what are the 4 guidelines for digital imaging?

Answer 10

1.four sided collimation
2.accurate entering
3.exposure factors
4.evaluation of exposure indicator

Question 11

trauma mobile imaging principles

Answer 11

1.two projections 90 degrees to each other
2.include entire structure or trauma area on IR
-for extremities include min one joint nearest to site of injury
3.maintain safety of patient, workers and public

Question 12

mobile AP chest Tech factors

Answer 12

SID: 40” min, 72” is ideal
IR: 14x17 landscape for average
kVp: 90-125
CR:3-4” below jugular notch, angle 3-5 caudal( or raise head of bed)

lateral decubitus chest- used for air fluid levels when pt can’t be elevated

Question 12

mobile abdomen Tech factors

Answer 12

SID: min 40”
IR: 14x17 portrait
kVp: 70-90
grid

done to look for fracture,free intraperitoneal air, abnormal fluid or gas

Question 13

Mobile upper limb tech factors

Answer 13

SID: min 40”
IR: smallest possible
kVp: 50-70
grid-if thicker than 10 cm

Question 14

trauma shoulder routine

Answer 14

AP, scap Y, inferosuperior axial, transthoracic lateral

Question 15

mobile shoulder Tech factors

Answer 15

SID: min 40”
IR: 10x12”
kVp: 70-85 with grid
grid

Question 16

mobil lower limb Tech factors

Answer 16

SID: min 40”
IR: smallest possible
kVp: 60-85
grid if thicker than 10 cm

Question 17

mobile pelvis tech factors

Answer 17

SID: 40”
IR: 14x17 landscape
kVp: 75-90
grid

CR: 2” inferior to level of ASIS

Question 19

mobile Hip Tech factors

Answer 19

SID: min 40”
IR: 14x17, or 10x12” portrait
kVp: 75-90
grid