Therapeutic Applications

Question 1

types of diabetes

Answer 1

type I (insulin dependent)
type II (insulin independent)
diabetes inspidus
gestantional diabetes

Question 2

type I diabetes

Answer 2

unable to secrete insulin

Question 3

type II diabetes

Answer 3

does not produce enough insulin

Question 4

diabetes insipidus

Answer 4

lack of vasopressin that regulates water uptake in kidney

Question 5

insulin

Answer 5

polypeptide produced by beta cells in the pancreas
regulates carbohydrate metabolism

Question 6

insulin lowers levels by…

Answer 6

breakdown of glucose in liver
converting glucose to glycogen and fat
prevent glycogen from breaking down

Question 7

insulin is first synthesized as…

Answer 7

preproinsulin

Question 8

preproinsulin contains a….

Answer 8

24 peptide signal sequence

Question 9

how is the 24 peptide signal sequence removed from the preproinsulin

Answer 9

the signal sequence directs the protein through the rough er into the lumen where it is then removed forming proinsulin

Question 10

how is proinsulin converted to insulin

Answer 10

proinsulin is transported to the golgi and then secretory vesicles
the proinsulin is cleaved producing insulin and c-peptide

Question 11

where is insulin stored

Answer 11

the vesiscles become secretory granules where insulin is stored

Question 12

problems with conventional insulin

Answer 12

unwanted contaminants
requires large amounts of insulin

Question 13

how were the problems with conventional insulin resolved

Answer 13

gel filtration to remove contaminants
recombinant insulin - cloning human insulin gene in e.coli

Question 14

recombinant insulin

Answer 14

encoding human proinsulin expressed in e.coli which is then modified by trypsin and carboxypetidase to mature to insulin

Question 15

follice stimulating hormone in men

Answer 15

fsh induces sertoli cells in the testes which are involved in the development of sperm cells

Question 16

lutenizing hormones in men

Answer 16

lh induces leydig cells of testes to produce testosterone

Question 17

how are fsh and lh secreted

Answer 17

the hypothalamus produces gonadotropin (GnRH) which induces the pituitary gland to secrete lh and fsh

Question 18

inhibin

Answer 18

inhibits secretion of GnRH

Question 19

FSH in women

Answer 19

acts on granulosa cells to produce estrogen which stimulates production of LH

Question 20

LH in women

Answer 20

stimulates growth of corpus luteum from follicles remaining after ovulation

Question 21

corpus luteum

Answer 21

secretes estradiol and progesterone

Question 22

progesterone

Answer 22

causes endometrium (lining of uterus) to further develop

Question 23

using gonal-f in women

Answer 23

anovulation
stimulation of multifollicular develop for women undergoing IVF
for FSH and LH deficiency

Question 24

using gonal-f in men

Answer 24

stimulation of spermatogenesis in men who have GnRH deficiency

Question 25

superovulation in cows

Answer 25

using porcine FSH or pregnant mare serum gonatropin

Question 26

porcine FSH

Answer 26

derived from pig pituitary extracts by salt precipitation and chromatography

Question 27

intrinsic pathway

Answer 27

initiated from internal wounds like a damaged blood vessel

Question 28

extrinsic pathway

Answer 28

intiated from external wounds

Question 29

hemophilia

Answer 29

deficiency of factor VIII

Question 30

von willebrand disease

Answer 30

defective platelet adhesion and secondary deficiency of factor VIII

Question 31

treatments fro factor VIII deficiency

Answer 31

cryo