Theraputic Modalities

Question 1

What is an indication?

Answer 1

When a condition will benefit from a certain modality

Question 2

What is a contraindication?

Answer 2

A condition that will adversely be effected if a particular modality will be used .

Question 3

(???) What are the factors affecting energy transfer? Which one do we want to see at the level of tissue?

Answer 3

Refraction, absorption, transmission, we want absoption

Question 4

The optimal angle for energy absorption is __________

Answer 4

90

Question 5

What are the main effects of cryotherapy? (6)

Answer 5

Pain relief
Vasoconstriction
Increases absoprtion
Decreases muscle spasm
Decreases tissue 02 demand
Hunting response (the cycling of vasoconstriction and dilation - related to histamine)

Question 6

What are some indications for the use of cryotherapy?

Answer 6

• acute or chronic pain
• acute or chronic muscle spasm
• ## acute inflammation or injury

Question 7

What are some contraindications for the use of cryotherapy? (4)

Answer 7

• hypersensativity to cold, cold allergy
• raynauds disease (nerve disfunction causes brain to 100% restrict blood flow to the area)
• uncovered open wounds
  -nerve palsy
• leukemia (impaired circulatory systems)

Question 8

What are some of the effects of thermotherapy?

Answer 8

• analgesic and sedative effects (relieved pain)
• increased circulation and hyperaemia
• increased cellular metabolism (more cells come to tissue)
• increased extensibility of connective tissues (collagen more flexible)
• decreased muscle spasm

Question 9

Superficial heating elevates body temperature by _______

Answer 9

40-45C

Question 10

What are some of the indications for thermotherapy? (6)

Answer 10

-increased pain
- increased acute and chronic inflammation
- increased muscle spasm and guarding
-decreased range of motion
- joint contractures and scar adhesions
- wound healing and infection

Question 11

What are some contraindications of thermotherapy? (5)

Answer 11

• acute inflammation
• circulatory impairment (diabetes)
• sensory impairment
• malignancy (heat may increase blood flow to the tumor)
• impaired thermoregulation

Question 12

What are some of the thermal effects of ultrasound? (5)

Answer 12

• extensability of collagen
• increased circulation to area
• increased velocity of sensory and motor neurons
• decreased muscle spasms
  -decreased inflammation
• decreased pain

Question 13

What are some of the non-thermal effects of ultrasound?

Answer 13

• promotes protein synthesis
• increase cell membrane and vascular wall permeability (via production of cortisol)
• ## promoing tissue to heal in proper alignment

Question 14

What are some of the CONTRAINDICATIONS of using ultrasound? (7)

Answer 14

• infection
• thrombophlebitis
• circulatory impairment
• sensory impairement
• malignancy
• over epiphyseal growth plates
• ## over a stress fracture

Question 15

What is a TENS unit?

Answer 15

Carbon electrodes placed over painful sites on the skin

Question 16

What are the main effects of using a tens unit? (1)

Answer 16

Pain relief via the production of endorphins
Main indication is increased pain

Question 17

What are some contraindications of using a TENS? (4)

Answer 17

-PRESENCE of a pacemaker
- pregancy (do not use on abdominal or pelvic regions)
- pain of unknown origin
- may induce pregancy and labour
-

Question 18

What is the modality of interferential current? (IFC)

Answer 18

Paired carbon electrodes making a pattern of interference that inhibits both motor and sensory neurons

Question 19

What are some of the effects of using ICF unit? (5)

Answer 19

• decreased pain
• decreased acute and chronic swelling
• decreased muscle spasm
• increased circulation
• strengthen weakened muscles via contraction
  -increased cellular activity

Question 20

What are some of the indications for the use of ICF? (4 marks)

Answer 20

-increased pain
- increased acute and chronic swelling
- increased muscle spasm and guarding
- assists with chronic wound healing

Question 21

What are some contraindications for the use of ICF?

Answer 21

• pacemaker
• abs or pelvis of pregnant bitches
• thrombophlebitis
• pain of unknown origin

Question 22

What is electrical neuromuscular stimulation?

Answer 22

Electrical current stimulation of peripheral nerves which elicits a muscle contraction

Question 23

What are some of the effects of electrical neuromuscular stimulations?

Answer 23

Decrease pain
Decreased inflammation
Decrease muscle spasm
Maintain muscles during periods of immobilization
Re educate muscles on how to move
Increased circulation to the tissue

Question 24

Which form of electrical neuromuscular stimulation may be used to stimulate denervated muscles and enhance wound healing?

Answer 24

Direct current

Question 25

What are some of the indications for the use of electrical neuromuscular stimulation?

Answer 25

-increased pain
- increased acute and chronic swelling
- increased muscle spasm and guarding (fatigues the muscle so it stops freaking out)
- periods of immobilization
- decreased range of motion and strength
- peripheral nerve injuries

Question 26

What are some contraindications for the use of electrical neuromuscular stiumulation?

Answer 26

• presence of a pacemaker
• abs or pelvis of pregant women
• thrombophlebitis
• malignant tumours
• superficial skin lesions and abrasions