Therapy Flashcards
(31 cards)
What are the aims of mindfulness?
To be in control of your own mind by paying attention to present thoughts and emotions
To enhance our positive characteristics by allowing yourself to be a happier individual
What is learned helplessness?
Invented by Martin Seligman who said thsi was a reasoning some get depression
Symptoms develop when a feeling of uncontrolled is detected leaving feeling of helplessness and eventually depression
Suggests that individuals lack behaviour control over the events in their environment which undermines their motivation to make a change or an attempt to alter situatuons
What does positivists believe about depression?
Individuals develop depression as a result of their own feelings stemming from free will
“the secret of health for the mind and body is not to mourn for the last, worry about the future, or anticipate troubles, but to live in the present moment wisely and earnestly
What are the components of mindfulness?
-Control over thoughts
-Meditation/mindful breathing
-Informal practices
What is component 1 of therapy?
gaining control of thoughts
What is gaining control of thoughts?
Focusing on the present and avoiding dwelling on the past and the future
-Mindfulness trains us to focus on what’s going on in the moment and becoming aware of immediate thoughts and feelings
-Goal is to accept them and becoming comfortable with thoughts
-If we become aware of negative thoughts we can have control over them and how we react
What are negative thoughts?
Focusing on the present, we gain greater awareness if unhelpful negative thoughts we are having, which allow us to control these
By responding to positive and optimistic way therefore reducing the impact on feelings and behaviour
What is negative automatic thinking?
Lead to mental health disorder like anxiety and depression- mindfulness should help the individual identify these thoughts and alter their reaction to it through mindfulness practice like meditations
Where did mindfulness come from?
Buddhist
Came from various religious and secular traditions from Hinduism and Buddhism to yoga and non religious meditation
Been in practice for thousands of years
Gaining control of thoughts has been around for a very long time
What is component 2?
Meditation and mindful breathing
What is meditation and mindful breathing?
Involves the physical practice and mindfulness
e.g. by developing skills through training which can help the patient remove their attention from daily life and focus on the present
Meditation is best learned through a mix of guided instruction and personal practice
What is mindful breathing- C2?
Physical aspect of minfulness, patients can practice this
Specific techniques that the patients can practice, can learn this with hopes they can complete them
independently in future
What are the four breathing techniques?
Belly Breathing- Slowly fill and empty your belly with breath
Breath Count- Count your breaths slowly and evenly
Mindful breathing- Pay attention to rythms of your breath
Breaking visualisation- Visualise taking something in positive with each breath
What is guided meditation?
Most effective
Sitting meditation, spine straight with a focus on breathing and bodily sensations, thoughts and emotions
Meditation should help an individual to realise that thoughts and emotions are impermanent, they come and go so we shouldn’t fixate or react automatically
What is the National Institute for health Care Excellence (NICE)?
Mindfulness technique have been used for a range of problems
NICE recommends mindfulness as a preventative treatment for those with reacurring depression
Can be used in every day life to improve well being in those not experiencing a particular psychological issue
6 steps to practice guided mediation?
1) Settle in a comfortable position
2) Close your eyes
3) Bring your awareness to your bodily sensations e.g. breathing
4) Maintain awareness as you breathe in and out
5) Allow breath to flow without trying to change it
6) If your mind wandered bring your awareness back to your breathing
What is component 3 of therapy?
Informal practices of mindfulness
What is informal practices of mindfulness
Once learned, mindfulness can be practiced in informal ways e.g. in the car
Informal mindfulness is the opposite to multi tasking
When the mind begins to wonder the individual should bring their attention back to the sensations and thought they were experiencing
What is online meditation? and an example
Growth of mindfulness has led to an abundance of meditation recourses online which are available for patients to practice at home
For example- Headspace which is an online platform for at home meditation, consist of guiding mediations with different aims e.g. feelings of stress anger and sadness
What are the 3 different ways of practicing mindfulness?
-Mindfulness in School Projects
-Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction
-Mindfulness Based Cognative Therapy
All about Mindfulness based stress reduction?
Designed for stress managing, illnesses like anxiety depression, ibs, skin cancer etc
-An option within CBT, reducing stress hormone levels
-Mainly used as a complimentary treatment
-Based on tradition meditation
-Don’t judge what you feel and don’t change sensation without analysing it
-Included making it a challenge not a chore
-8 classes in 8 weeks and giving educational material
Evaluation reaserch support- Crane and al (2014)?
Found that for people who’ve experienced 3+ previous episodes of depression
MBCT reduced recurrence rate iver 12 months by 40-50% with usual care
Due to the reaserch supporting the effectiveness of mindfulness in the UK
the government national institute for the health and clinical excellence (NICE) has recommended MBCT in their guidelines for the management of depression for service users should have had three or more episodes of depression
Evaluation reaserch support-Williams et al (2014)?
Compared MBCT with other treatments in people who had previously suffered depression
They were randomly allocated to each of these conditions and followed up a year later
MBCT provided protection against relapse in people with a history of childhood trauma, but did not show any significant advantage in other participants
Evaluation reaserch support- Kuyken et al (2013)?
Compared children in secondary schools who took part in the mindfulness in schools programme to those who took part in the usual school curriculum l
Children eh who were involved in the mindfulness programme reported less stress, greater well being and fewer depressive symptoms compared to the control group