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ECBHM > Theriogenology papers February 23 - March 21 > Flashcards

Theriogenology papers February 23 - March 21 Flashcards

1
Q

Chronic ergot exposure in adult bulls suppresses prolactin but minimally impacts results of typical breeding soundness exams
Cowan et al., 2023

A

Results suggest that feeding ≤2227 μg ergot alkaloids/kg has only minor effects on adult bull semen quality

Ergot alkaloid feeding has no effect on sperm concentration, total motility, or ejaculate volume.

Subtle effects on progressive motility and mitochondrial membrane potential were observed in bulls receiving 2227 μg/kg.

Breeding soundness in adult bulls is not expected to be affected at current Canadian standards.

Feeding ≤2227 μg ergot alkaloids/kg has only minor effects on adult bull semen quality.

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2
Q

Lipid alterations by oxidative stress increase detached acrosomes after cryopreservation of semen in Holstein bulls
Jakop et al., 2023

A

Bad freezer bulls with high increase of detached acrosomes after cryopreservation.

Cryopreservation reduced radical reduction capacity of seminal fluid.

Ether lipid and plasmalogen depletion in bad freezer bulls by cryopreservation.

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3
Q

Bacterial DNase activity as a putative inductor of sperm DNA fragmentation in infected bull frozen-thawed semen samples

Gosálvez et al. 2023

A

This study determined whether DNase activity associated with bacterial infection in post-thaw bovine semen caused sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF).

We showed bacterial DNase activity of the supernatant of post-thawed bovine semen on plasmid DNA was time dependent but could be prevented by EDTA.

Bacterial DNase activity associated with the supernatant of post-thawed bovine semen resulted in elevated levels of SDF.

Adverse changes in SDF associated with bacterial DNase activity highlight the importance of hygiene during semen processing.

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4
Q

Specific locations and amounts of denatured collagen and collagen-specific chaperone HSP47 in the uterine cervices of old cows compared with those of heifers
Ferdousy et al. 2023

A

We used an in situ detection method for denatured collagen in cervices.

Amount of damaged collagen was higher in the cervices of old multiparous cows.

Collagen chaperone HSP47 expression was increased in the cervices of old cows.

HSP47- (collagen synthesis) and denatured collagen-rich areas differed in cervices.

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5
Q

Stress and inflammatory response of cows and their calves during peripartum and early neonatal period
Arfuso et al., 2023

A

Cortisol, IL-6, haptoglobin, white blood cells, and their relationship are studied in peripartum cows and calves.

Peripartum affected all the investigated with exception of lymphocytes in cows.

The age of neonatal calves influenced all the investigated with exception of neutrophils.

Significant correlation among cortisol, innate and adaptive immunity is found in cows and calves.

Data suggest cortisol plays crucial role in immune-modulatory adjustment in peripartum cows and neonatal calves.

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6
Q

Equine chorionic gonadotropin administered on day 5 of a 7-days fixed-time artificial insemination program improves ovulation synchrony and corpus luteum function in anestrous beef cows
Aragunde Vieytes et al., 2023

A

Therefore, administration of eCG on Day 5 of the designed protocol hastened ovulation of a greater follicle, which produced a larger CL and greater concentrations of progesterone by Day 9 after ovulation, resulting in 11.2% increase in cows pregnant

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7
Q

Evaluation of hCG as gonadotropic support to timed embryo transfer protocol in beef cattle
Rossignolo et al. 2023

A

hCG and eCG can be used for gonadotropic support in TET protocol of cattle.

Nulliparous treated with hCG showed lower dominant follicle and utilization rate.

hCG treatment resulted in higher CL quality (central and peripheral flow and Doppler score).

Conception and pregnancy were similar to hCG and eCG groups in multiparous cows.

Nulliparous recipients treated with hCG exhibited a lower overall reproductive rate

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8
Q

Endometrial expression of members of the IL-1 family: their involvement in delayed conception of dairy cows
Peralta et al., 2023

A

These results suggest that an imbalanced protein expression of IL-1β and IL-1Ra in the endometrium of dairy cows could be part of the maternal immune response mechanism necessary to propitiate early conception and probably to maintain pregnancy

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9
Q

Membrane remodulation and hyperactivation are impaired in frozen-thawed sperm of low-fertility bulls
Štiavnická et al.2023

A

Frozen-thawed sperm undergo membrane and acrosome remodelation when incubated under capacitating conditions.

Sperm from low-fertility bulls had compromised ability to increase their membrane fluidity in capacitating conditions.

Hyperactivation is impaired in frozen-thawed sperm of low-fertility bulls

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10
Q

Association of bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine herpesvirus 1, and Neospora caninum with late embryonic losses in highly supplemented grazing dairy cows

Quintero Rodríguez et al. 2022

A

The conceptuses were sampled with a novel ultrasound guided technique from cows showing late embryo loss at pregnancy check.

The bovine viral diarrhea virus was detected by PCR in the conceptuses from cows having seroconversion.

Cows with late embryonic loss seroconverted to bovine viral diarrhea virus.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus is a risk factor for late embryonic loss in dairy cows.

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11
Q

Evaluation of the relationship between placentome perfusion, echotexture, and endocrine changes in cows at the end of pregnancy

Can Demi̇r et al. 2022

A

Echotexture parameters are weakly related to the steroid hormone changes that occur close to birth.

While the weak correlation of Blood Flow Velocity values with P4 level was determined.

Visual evaluation of placentomal perfusion can be used to evaluate fetal viability in clinical applications

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12
Q

Changes in body condition score from calving to first insemination and milk yield, pregnancy per AI, and pregnancy loss in lactating dairy cows: A meta-analysis
Stevenson & Atanasov 2022

A
  • Cows having BCS ≥2.75 at AI had greater (P < 0.01) first P/AI than cows with BCS <2.75.
  • As BCS at first AI increased, P/AI increased in a linear (P = 0.04) fashion.
  • Increasing BCS at AI was associated with decreased (P = 0.01) pregnancy loss.
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13
Q

Comparison between chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine solutions for flushing the preputial cavity on penile mucosa and semen bacterial counts in beef bulls

Romano et al. 2022

A

The semen contains higher number of Colony Forming Units (CFU) compared with penile mucosa.

Chlorhexidine digluconate at 0.05% or Povidone-Ione at 1% reduced the number of CFU from penile mucosa and semen.

Chlorhexidine digluconate was more effective than Povidone-Iodine in reducing the CFU from both sites

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14
Q

Mitigation of low pregnancy rate in excitable Nellore cows by administration of GnRH or P4
Couto et al., 2022

A

Nellore cows with an excitable temperament have a higher concentration of cortisol.

Temperament affects preovulatory follicle and corpus luteum volume in Nellore cows.

Nellore cows with an excitable temperament have a lower pregnancy rate.

Administration of GnRH or P4 mitigates low pregnancy rates in excitable cows.

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15
Q

Effects of nutrient restriction and subsequent realimentation in pregnant beef cows: Maternal endocrine profile, umbilical hemodynamics, and mammary gland development and hemodynamics
Silva et al., 2022

A

Nutritional plane in pregnancy beef cows does not alter maternal hormonal patterns or mammary gland vascularity.

Nutrient restriction during early to mid-pregnancy did not alter mammary hemodynamics.

Mammary gland fat near parturition is decreased when cows experience a restriction during early or early to mid-gestation

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16
Q

Effect of calving season on metritis incidence and bacterial content of the vagina in dairy cows

Molinari et al., 2022

A

Metritis occurs in up to 40% of dairy cows after calving and reduces fertility.

Elevated temperature can increase bacterial growth and impair immune function.

Calving in the summer increased the incidence and persistence of metritis.

Increased metritis in the summer is not associated with increased bacterial load in the vagina.

Findings imply that heat stress impacts host factors that increase the incidence of metritis

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17
Q

Unaffected semen quality parameters in Neospora caninum seropositive Belgian Blue bulls

Kemel et al., 2022

A

An overall apparent seroprevalence of Neospora caninum of 9,2% in our tested bull group.

No significant associations found between natural neosporosis and any of our tested outcome variables on fresh and frozen/thawed semen samples.

Neospora caninum seropositive bulls do not have lower semen production and quality parameters in comparison with seronegative bulls.

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18
Q

Prevalence of subclinical endometritis in dairy cows that recovered
after treatment of clinical endometritis with cephapirin and PGF2a

Baranski et al. 2022

A

Prevalence of subclinical endometrtis in cows clinically recovered from clinical endometritis regardless of treatment method is high.

The type of vaginal discharge significantly influences the occurrence of SE in clinically cured cows.

SE prevalance is significantly higher in cows with purulent vaginal discharge than with mucopurulent treated with cephapirin.

SE should always be considered as a potential cause of reduced fertility in cows clinically recovered from CE

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19
Q

Temporal evaluation of follicular dynamics and endocrine patterns of Holstein (Bos taurus), Gir (Bos indicus), and Murrah (Bubalus bubalis) heifers kept under the same nutritional, management and environmental conditions
Baldrighi et al., 2022

A

Bovine and bubaline estrous cycle have different follicular dynamics and endocrine parameters when evaluated temporally and maintained under the same nutritional management.

Some differences found among the three genetic groups were number of antral follicles, number of follicular waves in one estrous cycle, diameter of the ovulatory follicle, CL volume, and concentration of P4, insulin and IGF1.

Progesterone concentration is higher in zebuine than taurine heifers

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20
Q

Bayesian estimation of genetic parameters for superovulatory response traits in Japanese Black donor cows using count data models
Ogawa et al., 2022

A

Heritability of superovulatory responses in Japanese Black cows was estimated.

Gaussian mixed linear model estimated moderate heritability.

Bayesian count model estimated higher heritability than Gaussian model.

Zero-inflated Poisson model estimated genetic abilities for zero counts in responses.

Results could contribute to genetic improvement of embryo production in cattle.

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21
Q

Genetic analysis of retained placenta and its association with reproductive disorder, production, and fertility traits of Iranian Holstein dairy cows
Mahnani et al., 2022

A

Heritability estimates for retained placenta (RP) was less than 0.1. Although in the logistics model it was three times as much as the linear model.

The estimated genetic correlation between RP and dystocia and stillbirth were moderately positive.

The genetic correlations between RP with milk components in different days in milk were moderately negative.

Days open, days from calving to first service had a moderately positive genetic correlation with RP.

Selection against dystocia and stillbirth can reduce the incidence of RP in dairy cows and improve reproductive performance.

The estimated genetic correlation between RP and success in first service was negative and less than 0.1

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22
Q

Longitudinal effect of repeat breeding in Japanese Black beef cattle at a low parity on subsequent fertility in commercial cow–calf operations,
Tanimura et al., 2022

A

The longitudinal effect of repeat breeder cattle at a low parity on subsequent fertility were evaluated.

Repeat breeders at a low parity had a higher probability of being repeat breeders again at subsequent parities.

The degree of the negative effect of an number of insemination to conception (INS) ≥4 on fertility and survival increased as they became older.

The number of inseminations to conception of 2 had no negative effect on subsequent fertility.

The effect of the number of inseminations to conception on fertility and survival was independent from the other variables

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23
Q

An agent-based simulation model to compare different reproductive strategies in cow-calf operations: Economic performance,
Ojeda-Rojas et al., 2022

A

A stochastic agent-based model was used to simulate a cow-calf operation.

*
We evaluate the economic performance of using natural mating alone or with TAI.

*
The analysis considers the number of TAIs (1, 2, or 3), days between them (24, 32, and 40), and early pregnancy diagnosis.

*
Combining TAI with early pregnancy diagnosis resulted in a better economic performance.

*
The 2TAI/24 + NM scenario outperformed the others due to its high income and moderate costs.

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24
Q

Circulating progesterone at insemination and accessory spermatozoa are associated with fertilization and embryo quality five or six days post insemination in dairy cattle
Denis-Robichaud et al., 2022

A

Cumulative link models were used to identify risk factors for embryo quality as a categorical outcome.

Multiparous cows had higher probability to produce good quality embryo than primiparous cows.

Circulating progesterone on the day of estrus was associated with embryo quality.

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25
Q

Allogenic umbilical cord blood-mesenchymal stem cells are more effective than antibiotics in alleviating subclinical mastitis in dairy cows
Ghai et al. 2022

A

Allogenic mesenchymal stem cells are immunologically safe for delivery in cows.

Sub-clinical mastitis is alleviated after mesenchymal stem cell therapy in infected cows.

Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate sub-clinical mastitis by elevating anti-inflammatory cytokines.

The conventional antibiotic therapy demonstrated sub-optimal results.

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26
Q

Selection of early pregnancy specific proteins and development a rapid immunochromatographic test strip in cows

Xu et al. 2022

A

Early pregnancy induces changes in plasma ISGs, TLRs, complement components.

C1q can be used as an ideal marker for early pregnancy diagnosis in cows.

Development of an immunochromatographic test strip for early pregnancy diagnosis.

accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis by this test strip was 91.67% (11/12) for pregnant cows and 80% (8/10) nonpregnant cows at day 18 after insemination.

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27
Q

Corn or wheat-based diet to manipulate lipid content in early embryos of Jersey cows
Gilbert 2022

A

1) Corn or wheat in Jersey cows diet induced minimal change in circulating lipids.
2) Type of grain supplement did not affect embryo morphology or recovery rates.
3) Corn supplementation caused reduction in mitochondrial function in embryonic cells.
4) Lipids known to be associated with lower cryotolerance were affected by the diet.
5) Indirect mechanism of lipid uptake leading to mitochondria dysfunction is suspected.

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28
Q

Factors affecting reproductive outcomes in lactating dairy cows that undergo presynchronization-Ovsynch and successive resynchronization programs

Ill-Hwa 2022

A

1) Various factors affect fertility in cows undergoing presynchronization-Ovsynch and Resynch.
2) Poor BCS and TAI during heat stress are associated with inferior fertility after the first TAI.
3) Poor BCS and a second or ≥ fifth TAI following a Resynch program adversely affect fertility.
4) Poor BCS, peri-partum disorders, and a large number of days open reduce the probability of pregnancy.
5) Good health and BCS, few days open, and a strategy for fertile AI during heat stress are required.

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29
Q

Pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline long-acting on plasma and semen of beef bulls
Romano et al. 2022

A

1) Oxytetracycline long-acting presents satisfactory pharmacokinetics properties for the treatment of bull genital infections when its use is indicated.
2) The levels of oytetracycline in seminal plasma were 6 or more times higher than plasma levels.
3) The mean residency time of oxytetracycline in seminal plasma was longer than in plasma.

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30
Q

Effect of lameness on breeding soundness examination results of beef bulls
Boakari 2022

A

1) Cortisol and testosterone concentrations were not different between bulls from the unsatisfactory and satisfactory groups.
2) The most common limb/foot lesions found in the unsatisfactory and satisfactory groups were laminitis-related.
3) The odds of a satisfactory BSE result were 4.4 times higher in not-lame bulls when compared with lame bulls

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31
Q

Fertility comparison of frozen bull semen stored in cryogenic deep freezer (−152 °C) and LN2 container

Tirpan et al. 2022

A

1)Liquid nitrogen based frozen semen storage has lots of disadvantages.
2)Cryogenic deep freezers could be a feasible alternative with their low temperature.
3)Cryogenic deep freezers have negative effects on PMOT and STR, for 1-week storage.
4)Cryogenic deep freezers have no effect on fertility, for 1-week storage.
5)Cryogenic deep freezers might be a limited alternative to store frozen bull semen.

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32
Q

Association of post-partum serum Ca patterns with reproduction in Holstein cows
Tsiamadis et al.,2022

A
  • Cluster analysis revealed 2 normocalcemic (NORM and HIGH) and five hypocalcemic (SCH-1 to 5) clusters. Cows in cluster
    ● NORM (n = 151) had mean day-to-day serum Ca (DIMs 1–8) between 2.24 and 2.41 mmol/L,
    ● HIGH (n = 167) between 2.42 and 2.53 mmol/L.
    ● SCH-1 (n = 130) and SCH-2 (n = 102) had transient and mostly mild SCHCa on day 1 and day 2, respectively.
    ● Cows in SCH-3 (n = 123) had mostly severe SCHCa on days 1 and 2, extending to day 4.
    ● Cows in SCH-4 (n = 120) and SCH-5 (n = 145) had SCHCa which culminated on days 4 and 8, respectively.

HIGHLIGHTS
Several subclinical hypocalcemia clusters present during DIM 1–8 are differently associated with fertility of dairy cows.

Severe subclinical hypocalcemia cluster of DIM 1 and 2 and the delayed one of DIM 8 had the lowest fertility.

Cows of the normocalcemic cluster HIGH (daily mean serum Ca: 2.42 2.53 mmol/L) had the best reproductive performance.

33
Q

Increasing the frequency of ejaculate collection in young dairy bulls increases semen production and field fertility
Taaffe et al., 2022

A

Collecting ejaculates more frequently from young bulls significantly reduced the time required to obtain 1000 straws

More frequent semen collection increased semen quality in terms of lower superoxide production

Increased semen collection frequency increased field fertility

34
Q

Composition and diversity of the seminal microbiota in bulls and its association with semen parameters
Koziol et al., 2022

A

One of the first characterizations of the bull semen microbiome.

*
The microbiome from unsatisfactory semen differs from satisfactory semen

*
Large variability between individuals.

35
Q

A comparison of the age at first calving of contract-reared versus home-reared replacement dairy heifers

McCarthy et al., 2022 (Mee and Mcaloon authors)

A
  • There was no difference in median AFC between home and contract-reared heifers (24.4 months).
  • At univariate level, variables significantly associated with AFC were occurrence of pyrexia before MSD, pre-breeding ADG, body weight and BCS.
  • When the frailty effect of farm was incorporated into the multivariable model, these variables were no longer significant, indicating wide variation in individual farm management practices not measured in this study.
  • Rearing strategy (home versus contract-rearing) did not significantly affect heifer AFC
36
Q

Early pregnancy diagnosis based on luteal morphology and blood flow on Days 17–21 post-artificial insemination in Japanese Black cattle

Kanazawa et al., 2022

A

CL size was greater in pregnant cattle on Days 19–21 post-AI.

Blood Flow Area (BFA) was greater in pregnant cattle on Days 18–21 post-AI.

The incidence and area of central luteal cavity were smaller in pregnant cattle.

On Day 21, CL size was the most accurate predictor for pregnancy diagnosis.

On Days 17–20, CCA and BFA were reliable markers for pregnancy diagnosis

37
Q

An ex-vivo assessment of differential sperm transport in the female reproductive tract between high and low fertility bulls

Donnellan et al., 2022

A

The ability of sperm to get to the site of fertilisation was assessed from two cohorts of AI bulls with large differences in field fertility.

Sperm from high fertility bulls had a higher curvilinear velocity and binding affinity to the oviductal epithelium compared to low fertility bulls.

Straight line velocity explained 18.9% of variation in bull sperm rheotaxis.

Overall, there were subtle differences in sperm transport between high and low fertility bulls which are unlikely to explain differences in fertility.

38
Q

Association between length of proestrus, follicular size, estrus behavior, and pregnancy rate in beef heifers subjected to fixed–time artificial insemination,
R. Núñez–Olivera et al., 2022

A

Delaying GnRH treatment in an E2/P4–based FTAI protocol was evaluated in beef heifers.

The length of proestrus was prolonged from 48 to 72 h.

Prolong proestrus improved ovulatory follicular size and estrus expression.

Pregnancy rate was improved in cycling heifers

39
Q

Serum sRAGE and sE-selectin levels are useful biomarkers of lung injury and prediction of mortality in calves with perinatal asphyxia

M. Ider et al., 2022

A

Respiratory distress syndrome in calves with asphyxia is one of the most important causes of mortality.

Venous pH, pCO2, sO2, lactate, HCO3 and BE parameters are useful in the evaluation of lung functions in asphyxiated calves.

sRAGE at 2.03 ng/mL and sE-selectin at 2.71 ng/mL cut-off values are beneficial prognostic markers in calves with asphyxi

40
Q

Late-gestation ear-surface temperatures and subsequent postpartum health, activity, milk yield, and reproductive performance of dairy cows
J.S. Stevenson, 2022

A

Gestational ear temperature was associated with some postpartum health disorders.

Gestational ear temperature was associated with more 305-d milk yield.

Gestational ear temperature was associated peripartum eating, rumination, and activity.

41
Q

The impact of the cavitary corpus luteum on the blood progesterone concentration and pregnancy rate of embryo recipient heifers

Jaskowski et al., 2022

A
  • The mean serum P4 concentration was 8.84 ng/ml, higher (P < 0.0001) for females with the CLcav (11.31 ng/ml) than for those with the CLhom (7.15 ng/ml).
  • The PR was 36.1%, higher (P < 0.05) for recipients with the CLcav (47.7%) compared to the CLhom (29.9%).
  • The CLcav may give the embryo better chances of surviving the time of pregnancy recognition and in consequence, may have a positive effect on PR in heifers
42
Q

Progesterone release profile and follicular development in Nelore cows receiving intravaginal progesterone devices

Silva et al., 2022

A
  • Primer (0.5 g); Prociclar (0.75 g); Sincrogest (1 g); or CIDR (1.9 g)
  • Overall, the devices resulted in distinct increases in circulating P4 concentrations over 10 d
  • Primer provided the lowest circulating P4 concentrations over time, whereas, CIDR had the greatest concentration
  • Greater circulating P4 concentrations, mainly during the first 3 d of device insertion, were associated with smaller DF diameters regardless of the treatment.
43
Q

Pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin on plasma and semen of beef bulls

Romano et al., 2021

A

Tulathromycin presents satisfactory pharmacokinetics properties for the treatment of bull genital infections when its use is indicated.

The levels of tulathromycin in seminal plasma were 10 times higher than plasma levels.

The mean residency time of tulathromycin in seminal plasma was longer than in plasma levels.

44
Q

Postpartum cows showed high oocyte triacylglycerols concurrently with high plasma free fatty acids

Furukawa et al., 2021

A

Plasma Free Fatty Acids positively correlated with oocyte tryglycerols (TAG) in dairy cattle.

The oocyte TAG content was higher in postpartum dairy cows than in heifers.

The oocyte FFA quantity and composition were stable regardless of lactation stages.

The fatty acyl composition of oocyte TAG was stable regardless of lactation stages

45
Q

Age, gestational and heat stress effects on ghrelin secretion in dairy cattle

Ioannis et al., 2021

A

Total and acyl-ghrelin levels are higher during the winter than the summer.

Total ghrelin increases with pregnancy in cows but not in heifers.

Acyl-ghrelin levels increase with pregnancy in cows and heifers only in the winter.

The season affects the pattern of acyl-ghrelin secretion only in cows

46
Q

Prevention of retained fetal membranes and improvement in subsequent fertility with oxytocin administration in cows with assisted calving

Magata et al., 2021

A
  • The effect of oxytocin treatment was determined using cows that did not expel their fetal membrane within 3 h after calving, cows were randomly assigned to control (no tx) or oxytocin (50IU, 2-6hrs post calving) groups, assistance = >score 1 on a scale of 1-5.
  • In cows with assisted birth, oxytocin administration accelerated placental expulsion (P < 0.05) and improved several reproductive parameters, such as the number of services until conception (P < 0.05) and the calving to conception intervals (P < 0.05) compared to the control group.
  • On the other hand, oxytocin administration slightly accelerated placental expulsion (P < 0.05), but failed to improve fertility in cows with unassisted birth.
47
Q

Economic comparison of an ear tag automated activity monitor for estrus detection with timed-AI in Holstein heifers

Macmillan et al., 2021

A

An ear tag activity monitor was evaluated in 281 Holstein heifers

The sensitivity of the activity monitor to detect true estrus events was 91%

Pregnancy rate to first AI was 66% and 98% were pregnant after 4 inseminations

Pregnancy risk was not associated with estrus strength or duration

For conventional semen, breeding soon after estrus alert increased pregnancy risk

There was no difference in overall P/AI or days to pregnancy between treatments.

However, number of AI was greater in the TAI than the AAM group.

For the first AI, the P/AI was less in the TAI compared to the AAM group; however, the interval to first AI was less in TAI.

There was a net gain of $11.97 per heifer when switching from a TAI to AAM protocol, due to the increased P/AI to the first AI and reduced cost of hormones.

48
Q

Assessing the consequences and economic impact of retained placenta in Holstein dairy cattle

Makhnani et al., 2021

A

onsequences of retained placenta (RP) and economic losses were estimated.

The decline in reproductive performance due to RP in multiparous cows was greater than primiparous cows

Productive and reproductive consequence of RP differs between primiparous and multiparous cows.

The financial loss due to a case of RP in multiparous cows was 37% higher than in Primiparous cows.

The highest financial losses due to RP were associated reduction in milk production and low fertility in primiparous and multiparous cows, respectively.

Sensitivity analysis showed that milk price was the most influential factor on the costs of RP.

49
Q

Relationships between milk protein concentrations at different phases of first to fourth lactation and subsequent calving intervals in Holstein cows

Makhtoomi et al., 2021

A
  • Lactations were divided into four time periods (<50d, 50 < d < 100,100 < d < 200 and 200 < d < 305).
  • Protein concentrations were also divided into three classes: 1-3%, 3-5%, 5-7%.
  • There was a negative relationship between MP% in the first 50 days of first lactation in primiparous and multiparous dairy cows and subsequent calving intervals.
    ▪ Calving intervals decreased as MP% increased and the shortest calving intervals were observed for the third class of milk protein concentrations.
50
Q

Meloxicam administration in the management of postoperative pain and inflammation associated with caesarean section in beef heifers: Evaluation of reproductive parameters

Mauffre et al., 2021

A
  • Meloxicam administration before caesarean section had no effect on the incidence of retained placenta (18.2% of treated vs 25.0% of control cows, p = 0.35).
  • The pregnancy rate was higher in treated than in control cows (83.1% vs 67.8%, p = 0.04 after multivariate analysis)
  • Survival analysis showed that the median calving interval was 35 days shorter in the meloxicam (t50% = 417 days) compared to the control group (t50% = 452 days, p = 0.05).
  • A trend was also observed for culling rate to be lower in treated (4.7%) compared to control cows (13.3%, p = 0.09)
51
Q

Increasing of matrix metalloproteinase 3 in bovine endometritis

Zhang et al., 2021

A
  • MMP3 mRNA and protein levels significantly increased and positive correlative with severity of endometritis in vivo.
  • Likewise, MMP3 expression also positive correlative with intensity of LPS inflammatory response in vitro.
  • Increasing of MMP3 directly correlates with bovine endometritis and may contribute to progression of bovine endometritis
52
Q

Leptospirosis by Sejroe strains leads to embryonic death (ED) in herds with reproductive disorders

Oliveira et al., 2021

A

Bovine leptospirosis is reproductive disease and leads to reproductive disorders (ED, repetitive estrous, Abortion).

Cattle herds with high seroreactivity to leptospiral serogroups had more reproductive disorders.

Seroreactivity to Leptospira spp. strains of Sejroe serogroup was associated to embryonic death.

Seroreactivity to Icterohaemorrhagiae strains was associated to abortions

53
Q

Factors affecting placental size in beef cattle: Maternal and fetal influences

Redifer et al., 2021

A
  • Bovine dam prepartum body weight and calf size at birth were positively correlated with dried placental weights.
  • Determining placental dry matter weights is necessary to better characterize placental size compared with wet weights.
  • Primiparous dams and dams with low body condition at calving had reduced placental weights.
  • Proper nutritional management of pregnant cattle is necessary for optimal placental growth
54
Q

Effects of GnRH and hCG administration during early luteal phase on estrous cycle length, expression of estrus and fertility in lactating dairy cows

Cunha et al., 2021

A

GnRH and hCG treatments in early luteal phase induced formation of an accessory CL and increased serum P4 in diestrus.

HCG reduced the proportion of non-inseminated Holstein multiparous cows returning to estrus.

Non-inseminated cows treated with hCG in early luteal phase had a longer estrous cycle.

GnRH and hCG did not affect the activity peak and heat index of the post-treatment estrus.

hCG increased P/AI in primiparous Jersey cows but not in Holstein and multiparous Jersey cows.

55
Q

Relationship of molecular breeding value for beef tenderness with heifer traits through weaning of their first calf
Cushman et al. 2021

A

Molecular breeding value for slice shear force was evaluated for association with fertility.

The molecular breeding value was used to predict slice shear force in replacement beef heifers.

The molecular breeding value had little relationship to heifer reproductive traits.

The molecular breeding value can be used to improve beef tenderness without changing fertility.

A polymorphism in DGAT1 was not associated with fertility in heifers.

56
Q

Methionine supply during the peripartum period and early lactation alter immunometabolic gene expression in cytological smear and endometrial tissue of holstein cows

Guadagnin et al., 2021

A

Feeding rumen-protected methionine (RPM) during transition period and early lactation enhances reproductive immunity.

*
Cows fed RPM decreased the expression of transcripts involved in inflammatory processes in cytological samples.

*
Cows fed RPM increased expression of genes involved in overall tissue metabolism in the endometrium.

*
The expression of MAT1A mRNA was identified for the first time in bovine cytological smear samples

57
Q

Effect of PGF(2 alpha) treatments during early corpus luteum development on circulating progesterone concentrations and ovulation in breeding-age Holstein heifers

Martins et al., 2021

A

PGF treatment during early CL development reduced serum P4 in Holstein heifers.

PGF during early CL development induced estrus and ovulation before GnRH of Ovsynch.

Low serum concentrations of P4 did not enhance double ovulations in Holstein heifers.

PGF during early CL development did not control CL and follicle function.

58
Q

Effect of fasting prior to electroejaculation on behavioral responses and reproductive parameters in young Simmental bulls

Romano et al., 2021

A

Fasting for 24 h prior semen collection by electroejaculation reduced the bladder size.

*Increased the proportion of bulls with penis protrusion, erection and ejaculation.

*No differences were detected in behavioral responses, volume of rectal fecal content, and ejaculate parameters compared with non-fasting beef bulls.

59
Q

Genome-wide association and genomic prediction for scrotal circumference in Hereford and Braford bulls

Ferreira et al., 2021

A

A GWAS identified genomic regions related to scrotal circumference in Braford and Hereford bulls.

Tag SNPs were selected to construct low-density panel for genomic prediction.

Methods combining phenotype and pedigree data with direct genomic values allow gain in accuracy.

Genomic predictions would improve genetic gain, narrowing the generation interval.

Tag-SNP panels may be useful for lower-cost commercial genomic predictions

60
Q

Effect of supplemental trace minerals on standard and novel measures of bull fertility

Geary et al., 2021

A

Liver Cu & Zn were greater in bulls fed hydroxychloride compared to sulfate mineral.

Liver Zn was correlated with acrosome damage (−) and sperm concentration (+) in bulls.

Zn & Cu fed to peripubertal bulls had only minor effects on fertility measures.

Trace minerals improved ability of sperm to withstand oxidative stress in young bulls.

Trace minerals increased sperm viability at 3 h in peripubertal bulls.

61
Q

Sperm phenotypic characteristics and oviduct binding ability are altered in breeding bulls with high sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI)

Nag et al., 2021

A

Standardized a sperm-oviduct explants binding model for studying binding index.

Sperm-oviduct binding ability was significantly lower for sperm obtained from bulls with high sperm DFI %.

Sperm binding index was positively correlated with conception rates, but negatively corelated with DFI%.

Sperm phenotypic characteristics were significantly altered in bulls with high sperm DFI%.

Conception rates were significantly lower for bulls with high sperm DFI%.

62
Q

Progesterone release profile and follicular development in Holstein cows receiving intravaginal progesterone devices

Silva et al., 2021

A

Intravaginal progesterone (P4) devices resulted in different P4 profiles in Holstein cows.

P4 release capacity is influenced by the device’s surface area and initial P4 load.

Higher circulating P4 concentrations provided a slower DF growth

63
Q

Evaluation of PCR assays for Campylobacter fetus detection and discrimination between C. fetus subspecies in bovine preputial wash samples

Polo et al., 2021

A

A gyrB- PCR showed the most robust C. fetus detection results in our study.

gyrB- PCR detect 95.1% of positive clinical sample showing a 2% of doubtful results.

The 85.4% of the C. fetus positive samples were identified as C. fetus venerealis.

sapB2-PCR showed low sensitivity not identifying C. fetus fetus in field samples.

C. fetus subsp. venerealis genetic targets lead a total of 33.1% of false positives.

64
Q

Effect of ovulation synchronization program and season on pregnancy to timed artificial insemination in suckled beef cows

Randi et al., 2021

A

Season affected the pregnancy response to synchrony treatment with eCG administration dramatically improving pregnancy rate in spring but not autumn calving cows.

eCG administration had a positive effect on pregnancy rate for cows lacking a CL at treatment initiation.

In addition, in cows with low BCS (≤2.25 units), eCG supplementation (Treatment 3) tended (P = 0.09) to improve pregnancy rate.

65
Q

Vaginal temperature before calving assessed with wireless vaginal temperature sensor in dairy and beef cattle

Sakatani et al., 2021

A

*The duration from the onset of calving to delivery was not different by breed.

*The alert detection rate was not affected by the temperature threshold or parity.

*Vaginal temperature values depended on the cattle breed and parity

Measuring vaginal temperatures proved useful for predicting the calving regardless of the breed and parity.

66
Q

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs at embryo transfer on pregnancy rates in cows: A meta-analysis

Besbaci et al., 2021

A
  • NSAID treatment with was associated on average with a 15% higher P/ET compared to no treatment (RR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.2).
  • The use of NSAIDs at the time of ET was particularly effective in cows with difficulty in passing the catheter from the cervix during ET, with 71% more likely P/ET (RR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.07 to 2.74) with the use of NSAIDs for these cows compared to other cows.
67
Q

Prostaglandin F2 alpha regulation and function during ovulation and luteinization in cows

De Moraes et al., 2021

A

Flunixin meglumine decreased PGF synthesis within the follicle

PGF treatment decreased follicular vascularization

The in vivo model of intrafollicular injection evidenced that PGF alone is not able to locally induce ovulation

68
Q

Resynchronizing the first eligible estrus in dairy cattle after a prior insemination and fertility of the prior insemination after gonadotropin-releasing hormone and progesterone treatments

Stevenson et al., 2021

A

Post-AI treatment with CIDR insert or GnRH + CIDR synchronized returns to estrus.

Treatments do not increase return of nonpregnant cows before pregnancy diagnosis.

Post-AI (Day 0) GnRH on Day 7 or 14 increased pretreatment pregnancy per AI

69
Q

A comparison of immunological, chemical and surgical castration of Nelore bulls

Yamada et al., 2021

A
  • Three castration methods
    ▪ Immune: Bopriva injection
    ▪ Chemical: 40% CaCl2 + 0.5% dimethylsulfoxide
    ▪ Surgical
  • Immunological castration was a viable alternative to surgical castration, as it supressed testosterone production and spermatogenesis, with the benefits of being much less invasive, with better animal welfare and less stress.
70
Q

Characterizing Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) concentration and change over time in Holstein dairy cattle

Kayla et al., 2021

A

AMH Concentration is correlated with AFC in heifers.

There is a severe drop in AMH concentration post-calving that remains depressed until pre-breeding (45–60 days in milk).

AMH concentration from heifer to fresh to pre-breeding are all highly correlated.

Animals generally maintain their AMH categorization compared to their herd mates

71
Q

Evaluation of alpha 5 beta 1 integrin as a candidate marker for fertility in bull sperm samples

Castellano et al., 2021

A

Neither sperm motility and viability nor CTC outcome correlate with IVF rates.

The presence of α5β1 integrin in post-acrosomal region positively correlated with IVF outcome.

α5β1integrin in post-acrosomal region could be a candidate marker for fertility in bovines

72
Q

Comparison of two intravaginal progesterone-releasing devices in shortened-timed artificial insemination protocols in beef cattle

Zwiefelhofer et al., 2021

A

The objective was to compare PRID-Delta vs. CIDR P4 devices in beef cattle subjected to shortened-TAI protocols.

Using a PRID during a J-synch protocol increased the estrus rate by AI compared to a CIDR in nulliparous heifers.

There was no effect of P4 device on P/AI in nulliparous heifers and non-suckling cows subjected to a J-synch protocol.

There was no effect of P4 device during 5-d Cosynch on follicular dynamics in nulliparous heifers and suckling cows.

Treatment with a PRID increased P/AI in suckling cows exhibiting estrus by TAI.

73
Q

The impact of elective caesarean section on colostrum characteristics in double-muscled Belgian Blue cows

Tuska et al., 2021

A

There are multiple factors associated with double-muscled BB cows colostrum.

− Primiparity had a significantly negative impact on colostrum production (Volume).
− Time in C-section had a significantly impact on colostrum production (Volume).
− Summer had a significantly negative impact on colostrum production (Volume).
− No significant effects analysed were associated with colostrum quality

74
Q

Timed artificial insemination strategies with or without short-term natural service and pregnancy success in beef heifers

Kasimanickam et al., 2021

A

Heifers assigned to TAI protocol with or without short-term natural service (NS).

CO-Synch + CIDR (COSC) + TAI, COSC + TAI + NS, Select-Synch + CIDR (SSC) + NS and SSC + Split(S)TAI protocols were compared.

COSC + TAI + NS protocol had greater pregnancy compared with COSC + TAI heifers.

SSC + NS and SSC + STAI protocols resulted in similar pregnancy as CCS + TAI + NS.

  • In conclusion, progesterone-based CO-Synch timed artificial insemination with short-term natural service treatment regimen resulted in proportionately more pregnancies than without short-term natural service treatment regimen.
75
Q

Heat stress influences the attenuation of prostaglandin synthesis by interferon tau in bovine endometrial cells

Sakai et al., 2021

A

PG production was enhanced in endometrial cells under heat stress conditions.

Increase of PG production by HS is attributed to the upregulation of PG synthase.

More IFNT is necessary to abrogate the PG production induced by heat stress.

76
Q

Observed and expected combined effects of metritis and other postpartum diseases on time to conception and rate of conception failure in first lactation cows in Iran

Ehsanollah et al., 2021

A
  • Median number of days to conception was higher in 30 cows affected with metritis and RFM
    In cows affected with metritis and RFM, the rate of conception failure was 3.8 times greater than that of healthy cows, after controlling for study herd and calving month (hazard ratio = 3.8; 95% CI = 2.3, 6.6; p < 0.01); this observed combined effect on conception failure was two times higher than the expected combined effect based on adding or multiplying absolute independent excesses due to metritis or RFM.
  • The observed combined effect of metritis and RFM on time to conception and rate of conception failure was far in excess, compared to that in cows exposed to metritis or RFM alone.
77
Q

First postpartum ovulation, metabolites and hormones in follicular fluid and blood in transition dairy cows supplemented with a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product

Sauls-Hiesterman et al., 2021

A

Elevated postpartum metabolites delayed first ovulation.

Greater negative energy balance delayed first postpartum ovulation.

Greater milk yield and components were associated with later postpartum ovulation.

Blood and follicular fluid unrelated to ovulation status except for androstenedione

78
Q

Effects of feeding 60% dried corn distillers grains plus solubles or the equivalent sulfur as CaSO4 on performance and reproductive traits of yearling Angus bulls

Kassetas et al., 2021

A

Increased ruminal H2S was observed for bulls consuming diets with increased sulfur.

Feed efficiency tended to be reduced for diets with elevated percentages of sulfur.

Parameters in motile and progressively motile populations of sperm were altered.

Triiodothyronine and glutathione peroxidase in seminal plasma was altered in bulls

79
Q

Association between heat stress during intrauterine development and the calving-to-conception and calving-to-first-service intervals in Holstein cows

Recce et al., 2021

A
  • The exposure of the animals to environments with a THI >= 72 during the first trimester of gestation had a negative impact on the reproductive efficiency parameters analyzed.
  • The exposure of pregnant females to high THI values has a long-term impact on their daughters, which may contribute to a decrease in their reproductive performance, possibly through inherited epigenetic characteristics that remain in later generations through fetal programming

ECBHM (13 decks)

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